chore: vspace: split vspace functions

.github/workflows/rust.yml

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ jobs:
   build:
     strategy:
       matrix:
+        mode: [ debug, release ]
         include:
           - arch: riscv64
             qemu-pkg: qemu-system-misc
@@ -36,10 +37,10 @@ jobs:
           components: clippy, rust-src
 
       - name: Run Clippy
-        run: make clippy ARCH=${{ matrix.arch }}
+        run: make clippy ARCH=${{ matrix.arch }} MODE=${{ matrix.mode }}
 
       - name: Test
-        run: make test ARCH=${{ matrix.arch }}
+        run: make test ARCH=${{ matrix.arch }} MODE=${{ matrix.mode }}
 
       - name: Build
-        run: make kernel ARCH=${{ matrix.arch }}
+        run: make kernel ARCH=${{ matrix.arch }} MODE=${{ matrix.mode }}

Cargo.lock

@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "sbi-rt",
  "spin",
  "static_assertions",
+ "tracer",
  "uapi",
  "uart_16550",
  "utils",
@@ -246,6 +247,14 @@ dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "tracer"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "uapi"
 version = "0.1.0"

Makefile

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 ARCH ?= riscv64
+MODE ?= debug
 
 ifeq ($(ARCH), riscv64)
 	BUILD_TARGET := riscv64imac-unknown-none-elf
@@ -7,6 +8,12 @@ else
 	$(error Invalid TARGET: $(ARCH))
 endif
 
+ifeq ($(MODE), release)
+	CARGO_BUILD_ARGS += --release
+else ifneq ($(MODE), debug)
+	$(error Invalid MODE: $(MODE))
+endif
+
 RUSTFLAGS += -Crelocation-model=static
 RUSTFLAGS += -Ccode-model=medium
 #RUSTFLAGS += -Ctarget-feature=+relax
@@ -19,6 +26,13 @@ CARGO_BUILD_ARGS += -Zbuild-std=core,compiler_builtins,alloc
 CARGO_BUILD_ARGS += -Zbuild-std-features=compiler-builtins-mem
 CARGO_BUILD_ARGS += $(CARGO_TARGET_ARGS)
 
+QEMU = qemu-system-$(ARCH)
+
+QEMU_ARGS  = -nographic -serial mon:stdio -smp 1
+QEMU_ARGS += -machine virt # TODO: override by $(BOARD)
+QEMU_ARGS += -kernel target/$(BUILD_TARGET)/$(MODE)/kernel
+QEMU_ARGS += -initrd build/init.cpio
+
 kernel:
 	env RUSTFLAGS="$(RUSTFLAGS)" cargo build --bin kernel $(CARGO_BUILD_ARGS)
 
@@ -36,7 +50,7 @@ kernel-test-dump:
 	@env RUSTFLAGS="$(RUSTFLAGS)" cargo test $(CARGO_TARGET_ARGS) --bin=kernel --no-run --message-format=json
 
 kernel-asm: kernel
-	riscv64-elf-objdump -d target/$(BUILD_TARGET)/debug/kernel | c++filt -t > kernel.asm
+	riscv64-elf-objdump -d target/$(BUILD_TARGET)/$(MODE)/kernel | c++filt -t > kernel.asm
 
 build-target:
 	@echo $(BUILD_TARGET)
@@ -45,32 +59,9 @@ clean:
 	cargo clean
 
 qemu: kernel
-	qemu-system-$(ARCH) \
+	$(QEMU) $(QEMU_ARGS)
-		-nographic -machine virt -serial mon:stdio -smp 1 \
-		-kernel target/$(BUILD_TARGET)/debug/kernel
 
 qemu-gdb: kernel
-	qemu-system-$(ARCH) \
+	$(QEMU) $(QEMU_ARGS) -s -S
-		-nographic -machine virt -serial mon:stdio -smp 1 \
-		-kernel target/$(BUILD_TARGET)/debug/kernel \
-		-s -S
 
-replay.qcow2:
+.PHONY: kernel clippy test kernel-test-dump kernel-asm build-target clean qemu qemu-gdb
-	qemu-img create -f qcow2 replay.qcow2 1G
-
-qemu-record: kernel replay.qcow2
-	qemu-system-$(ARCH) \
-		-nographic -machine virt -serial mon:stdio -smp 1 \
-		-kernel target/$(BUILD_TARGET)/debug/kernel \
-		-icount shift=auto,rr=record,rrfile=replay.bin,rrsnapshot=init \
-		-drive file=replay.qcow2,if=none,id=rr
-
-qemu-replay: kernel replay.qcow2
-	qemu-system-$(ARCH) \
-		-nographic -machine virt -serial mon:stdio -smp 1 \
-		-kernel target/$(BUILD_TARGET)/debug/kernel \
-		-icount shift=auto,rr=replay,rrfile=replay.bin,rrsnapshot=init \
-		-drive file=replay.qcow2,if=none,id=rr \
-		-s -S
-
-.PHONY: kernel clippy test kernel-test-dump kernel-asm build-target clean qemu qemu-gdb qemu-record qemu-replay

kernel/src/arch/riscv/board/virt/lowlevel.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 use super::super::lowlevel::{ArchLL, ArchLLOps};
 use super::TEST_DEVICE;
 use crate::arch::layout::mmap_phys_to_virt;
-use crate::arch::vspace::is_kernel_pagetable_installed;
+use crate::arch::vspace::is_kernel_pagetable_allocated;
 
 unsafe fn get_qemu_test_device() -> *mut u32 {
-    if is_kernel_pagetable_installed() {
+    if is_kernel_pagetable_allocated() {
         mmap_phys_to_virt(TEST_DEVICE.into()).into()
     } else {
         TEST_DEVICE

kernel/src/arch/riscv/entry.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use super::vspace::install_kernel_pagetable;
 use crate::arch::init_early_console;
 use crate::arch::layout::{mmap_phys_to_virt, zero_bss};
 use crate::arch::vspace::{setup_kernel_paging, setup_memory};
@@ -71,6 +72,8 @@ unsafe fn pre_main(hart_id: usize, fdt_addr: usize) {
 
     setup_memory(fdt_addr);
     setup_kernel_paging();
+    // TODO: on secondary cpu, we should copy existing kernel page table and TSS, then remap TSS
+    install_kernel_pagetable();
 
     // after kernel paging, board level early console is broken (no address mapping)
     mute_console();

kernel/src/arch/riscv/vspace/kmem.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+use super::{alloc_page, install_pagetable, map_range, RAM_ALLOCATOR};
+use crate::{arch::layout::*, vspace::*};
+use log::{debug, info};
+use spin::Mutex;
+use utils::{addr::*, size::*};
+
+#[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+use super::ALLOC_COUNT;
+
+#[thread_local]
+static KERNEL_PAGETABLE: Mutex<Option<Table<Level0>>> = Mutex::new(None);
+
+pub const KERNEL_PAGETABLE_SIZE: usize = 3;
+
+pub unsafe fn setup_memory(fdt_addr: usize) {
+    info!("Setting up memory");
+    let fdt = unsafe { fdt::Fdt::from_ptr(fdt_addr as *const u8).unwrap() };
+    let mut mem = RAM_ALLOCATOR.lock();
+
+    // Add main memory regions to allocator
+    for region in fdt.memory().regions() {
+        debug!(
+            "Adding free memory:\tstart: {:x?}, size: {:x?}",
+            region.starting_address, region.size
+        );
+        mem.dealloc(
+            PhysAddr::from(region.starting_address),
+            align_up(region.size.unwrap(), PAGE_SIZE),
+        );
+    }
+
+    // Exclude memory occupied by UEFI
+    for region in fdt.memory_reservations() {
+        debug!(
+            "Reserving memory:\tstart: {:x?}, size: {:x?}",
+            region.address(),
+            region.size()
+        );
+        mem.reserve(PhysAddr::from(region.address()), align_up(region.size(), PAGE_SIZE));
+    }
+
+    // Exclude memory occupied by OpenSBI
+    let reserved_memory = fdt
+        .find_node("/reserved-memory")
+        .map(|node| node.children())
+        .expect("No reserved memory found in device tree");
+    for child in reserved_memory {
+        let region = child.reg().unwrap().next().unwrap();
+        debug!(
+            "Reserving memory:\tstart: {:x?}, size: {:x?}",
+            region.starting_address, region.size
+        );
+        mem.reserve(
+            PhysAddr::from(region.starting_address),
+            align_up(region.size.unwrap(), PAGE_SIZE),
+        );
+    }
+
+    // Exclude kernel memory
+    let kernel_start = kernel_virt_to_phys(KERNEL_START.as_virt_addr());
+    let kernel_end = kernel_virt_to_phys(KERNEL_END.as_virt_addr()).align_up(PAGE_SIZE);
+    debug!("Reserving kernel memory:\tstart: {:x?}, end: {:x?}", kernel_start, kernel_end);
+    mem.reserve(kernel_start, (kernel_end - kernel_start).as_usize());
+
+    // Exclude FDT table
+    let fdt_addr = PhysAddr::from(fdt_addr);
+    let fdt_size = align_up(fdt.total_size(), PAGE_SIZE);
+    debug!("Reserving FDT memory:\tstart: {:x?}, size: {:x?}", fdt_addr, fdt_size);
+    mem.reserve(fdt_addr, fdt_size);
+}
+
+pub unsafe fn setup_kernel_paging() {
+    info!("Setting up kernel paging");
+    assert!(!is_kernel_pagetable_allocated(), "Kernel pagetable already allocated");
+
+    let root_pt = alloc_page();
+    let mut kernel_pt = Table::<Level0>::new(root_pt.as_usize().into());
+
+    macro_rules! map_section {
+        (($($section:ident),+),$attr:expr) => {
+            $(
+                let start = concat_idents!($section, _START).as_virt_addr().align_down(PAGE_SIZE);
+                let end   = concat_idents!($section, _END).as_virt_addr().align_up(PAGE_SIZE);
+                debug!("Mapping section {}:\t[{:?}, {:?}]", stringify!($section), start, end);
+                map_range(&mut kernel_pt, start, kernel_virt_to_phys(start), (end - start).as_usize(), $attr);
+            )+
+        };
+    }
+
+    map_section!((TEXT), MapAttr::READABLE | MapAttr::EXECUTABLE);
+    map_section!((RODATA), MapAttr::READABLE);
+    map_section!((DATA, BSS), MapAttr::READABLE | MapAttr::WRITABLE);
+
+    // TODO: every core must have a separate TSS section
+    map_section!((TSS), MapAttr::READABLE | MapAttr::WRITABLE);
+
+    // map 4 GiB physical memory
+    // TODO: walk fdt to get all memory region? put it in driver init
+    map_range(
+        &mut kernel_pt,
+        mmap_phys_to_virt(PhysAddr(0)),
+        PhysAddr(0),
+        4 * GIB, // NOTE: will fail on 32-bit system
+        MapAttr::READABLE | MapAttr::WRITABLE,
+    );
+
+    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+    {
+        let count = ALLOC_COUNT.load(core::sync::atomic::Ordering::Acquire);
+        log::trace!("Kernel page table size: {:?}", count);
+        assert!(KERNEL_PAGETABLE_SIZE == count, "Kernel page table size mismatch");
+    }
+
+    *KERNEL_PAGETABLE.lock() = Some(kernel_pt);
+}
+
+pub unsafe fn install_kernel_pagetable() {
+    info!("Setting up new kernel pagetable");
+
+    let kernel_pt = KERNEL_PAGETABLE.lock();
+    let kernel_pt = kernel_pt.as_ref().expect("No kernel pagetable found");
+
+    install_pagetable(kernel_pt)
+}
+
+#[inline]
+pub fn is_kernel_pagetable_allocated() -> bool {
+    KERNEL_PAGETABLE.lock().is_some()
+}
+
+unsafe fn map_kernel(from: VirtAddr, to: PhysAddr, size: usize, attr: MapAttr) {
+    let mut guard = KERNEL_PAGETABLE.lock();
+    let pt = guard.as_mut().unwrap();
+    map_range(pt, from, to, size, attr);
+}

kernel/src/arch/riscv/vspace/mod.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 mod addr;
 mod entry;
+mod kmem;
 mod level;
 mod table;
 mod utils;
 
+pub use kmem::*;
 pub use utils::*;

kernel/src/arch/riscv/vspace/utils.rs

@@ -1,75 +1,23 @@
-use core::panic;
-
 use crate::{arch::layout::*, vspace::*};
 use allocator::RamBlock;
-use log::{debug, info};
+use core::panic;
+use log::debug;
 use spin::Mutex;
-use utils::{addr::*, size::GIB};
+use utils::addr::*;
 
-#[thread_local]
+pub static RAM_ALLOCATOR: Mutex<RamBlock<8>> = Mutex::new(RamBlock::new());
-static KERNEL_PAGETABLE: Mutex<Option<Table<Level0>>> = Mutex::new(None);
 
-pub static KERNEL_ALLOCATOR: Mutex<RamBlock<8>> = Mutex::new(RamBlock::new());
+#[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+pub static ALLOC_COUNT: core::sync::atomic::AtomicUsize = core::sync::atomic::AtomicUsize::new(0);
 
-pub unsafe fn setup_memory(fdt_addr: usize) {
+#[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-    info!("Setting up memory");
+fn alloc_callback() {
-    let fdt = unsafe { fdt::Fdt::from_ptr(fdt_addr as *const u8).unwrap() };
+    let cnt = ALLOC_COUNT.fetch_add(1, core::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst);
-    let mut mem = KERNEL_ALLOCATOR.lock();
-
-    // Add main memory regions to allocator
-    for region in fdt.memory().regions() {
-        debug!(
-            "Adding free memory:\tstart: {:x?}, size: {:x?}",
-            region.starting_address, region.size
-        );
-        mem.dealloc(
-            PhysAddr::from(region.starting_address),
-            align_up(region.size.unwrap(), PAGE_SIZE),
-        );
-    }
-
-    // Exclude memory occupied by UEFI
-    for region in fdt.memory_reservations() {
-        debug!(
-            "Reserving memory:\tstart: {:x?}, size: {:x?}",
-            region.address(),
-            region.size()
-        );
-        mem.reserve(PhysAddr::from(region.address()), align_up(region.size(), PAGE_SIZE));
-    }
-
-    // Exclude memory occupied by OpenSBI
-    let reserved_memory = fdt
-        .find_node("/reserved-memory")
-        .map(|node| node.children())
-        .expect("No reserved memory found in device tree");
-    for child in reserved_memory {
-        let region = child.reg().unwrap().next().unwrap();
-        debug!(
-            "Reserving memory:\tstart: {:x?}, size: {:x?}",
-            region.starting_address, region.size
-        );
-        mem.reserve(
-            PhysAddr::from(region.starting_address),
-            align_up(region.size.unwrap(), PAGE_SIZE),
-        );
-    }
-
-    // Exclude kernel memory
-    let kernel_start = kernel_virt_to_phys(KERNEL_START.as_virt_addr());
-    let kernel_end = kernel_virt_to_phys(KERNEL_END.as_virt_addr()).align_up(PAGE_SIZE);
-    debug!("Reserving kernel memory:\tstart: {:x?}, end: {:x?}", kernel_start, kernel_end);
-    mem.reserve(kernel_start, (kernel_end - kernel_start).as_usize());
-
-    // Exclude FDT table
-    let fdt_addr = PhysAddr::from(fdt_addr);
-    let fdt_size = align_up(fdt.total_size(), PAGE_SIZE);
-    debug!("Reserving FDT memory:\tstart: {:x?}, size: {:x?}", fdt_addr, fdt_size);
-    mem.reserve(fdt_addr, fdt_size);
 }
 
-fn alloc_page() -> PhysAddr {
+#[cfg_attr(debug_assertions, tracer::trace_callback(log = true, callback = alloc_callback))]
-    let addr = KERNEL_ALLOCATOR.lock().alloc(PAGE_LAYOUT).expect("Failed to allocate page");
+pub fn alloc_page() -> PhysAddr {
+    let addr = RAM_ALLOCATOR.lock().alloc(PAGE_LAYOUT).expect("Failed to allocate page");
 
     unsafe {
         // zero page
@@ -80,7 +28,7 @@ fn alloc_page() -> PhysAddr {
     addr
 }
 
-fn map_range(pt: &mut Table<Level0>, from: VirtAddr, to: PhysAddr, size: usize, attr: MapAttr) {
+pub fn map_range(pt: &mut Table<Level0>, from: VirtAddr, to: PhysAddr, size: usize, attr: MapAttr) {
     let mut virt_start = from;
     let mut phys_start = to;
     let virt_end = from + size;
@@ -132,18 +80,7 @@ fn map_range(pt: &mut Table<Level0>, from: VirtAddr, to: PhysAddr, size: usize,
     }
 }
 
-pub unsafe fn map(from: VirtAddr, to: PhysAddr, size: usize, attr: MapAttr) {
+fn page_table_mode() -> riscv::register::satp::Mode {
-    let mut guard = KERNEL_PAGETABLE.lock();
-    let pt = guard.as_mut().unwrap();
-    map_range(pt, from, to, size, attr);
-}
-
-#[inline]
-pub fn is_kernel_pagetable_installed() -> bool {
-    KERNEL_PAGETABLE.lock().is_some()
-}
-
-pub fn page_table_mode() -> riscv::register::satp::Mode {
     #[cfg(feature = "riscv.pagetable.sv39")]
     return riscv::register::satp::Mode::Sv39;
     #[cfg(feature = "riscv.pagetable.sv48")]
@@ -152,46 +89,9 @@ pub fn page_table_mode() -> riscv::register::satp::Mode {
     return riscv::register::satp::Mode::Sv57;
 }
 
-pub unsafe fn setup_kernel_paging() {
+pub unsafe fn install_pagetable(pt: &Table<Level0>) {
-    info!("Setting up kernel paging");
+    let root_pt = PhysAddr::from(pt.entries as *const _ as *const usize);
-    assert!(!is_kernel_pagetable_installed(), "Kernel pagetable already installed");
 
-    let root_pt = alloc_page();
-    let mut kernel_pt = Table::<Level0>::new(root_pt.as_usize().into());
-
-    macro_rules! map_section {
-        (($($section:ident),+),$attr:expr) => {
-            $(
-                let start = concat_idents!($section, _START).as_virt_addr().align_down(PAGE_SIZE);
-                let end   = concat_idents!($section, _END).as_virt_addr().align_up(PAGE_SIZE);
-                debug!("Mapping section {}:\t[{:?}, {:?}]", stringify!($section), start, end);
-                map_range(&mut kernel_pt, start, kernel_virt_to_phys(start), (end - start).as_usize(), $attr);
-            )+
-        };
-    }
-
-    map_section!((TEXT), MapAttr::READABLE | MapAttr::EXECUTABLE);
-    map_section!((RODATA), MapAttr::READABLE);
-    map_section!((DATA, BSS), MapAttr::READABLE | MapAttr::WRITABLE);
-
-    // TODO: every core must have a separate TSS section
-    map_section!((TSS), MapAttr::READABLE | MapAttr::WRITABLE);
-
-    // map 4 GiB physical memory
-    // TODO: walk fdt to get all memory region? put it in driver init
-    map_range(
-        &mut kernel_pt,
-        mmap_phys_to_virt(PhysAddr(0)),
-        PhysAddr(0),
-        4 * GIB, // NOTE: will fail on 32-bit system
-        MapAttr::READABLE | MapAttr::WRITABLE,
-    );
-
-    // setup new pagetable
-    debug!("Setting up new kernel pagetable");
     riscv::register::satp::set(page_table_mode(), 0, root_pt.extract_ppn());
     riscv::asm::sfence_vma_all();
-
-    // switch to virtual address
-    *KERNEL_PAGETABLE.lock() = Some(kernel_pt);
 }

kernel/src/objects/cnode.rs

@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ impl<'a> CNodeCap<'a> {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use crate::arch::vspace::KERNEL_ALLOCATOR;
+    use crate::arch::vspace::RAM_ALLOCATOR;
     use crate::objects::cap::CapEntry;
     use crate::objects::null::NullCap;
     use core::alloc::Layout;
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ mod tests {
         let create_cnode = |radix: usize, guard_size: usize, guard: usize| {
             let size = ObjectType::CNode.size(radix);
             let layout = Layout::from_size_align(size, 1).unwrap();
-            let ptr = KERNEL_ALLOCATOR.lock().alloc(layout).unwrap();
+            let ptr = RAM_ALLOCATOR.lock().alloc(layout).unwrap();
             let raw = CNodeCap::mint(radix, guard_size, guard, ptr);
             CapEntry::new(raw)
         };

kernel/src/objects/frame.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 use super::{cap::RawCap, Cap, KernelObject};
-use crate::{arch::layout::mmap_phys_to_virt, objects::cap::CapEntry, vspace::*};
+use crate::{
+    arch::layout::{mmap_phys_to_virt, PAGE_SIZE},
+    objects::cap::CapEntry,
+    vspace::*,
+};
 use uapi::{
     cap::ObjectType,
     error::{SysError, SysResult},
@@ -50,8 +54,7 @@ impl<'a> FrameCap<'a> {
     pub fn mint(ptr: PhysAddr, size: usize, attr: MapAttr, is_device: bool) -> RawCap {
         let size_bits = size.ilog2() as usize;
         debug_assert!(size_bits <= FrameCap::FRAME_SIZE_BITS);
-
+        assert!(size >= PAGE_SIZE);
-        // NOTE: we are not checking frame size
 
         let arg0 = 0
             | ((attr.bits() & Self::VM_RIGHT_MASK) << Self::VM_RIGHT_OFFSET)
@@ -126,14 +129,10 @@ impl<'a> FrameCap<'a> {
         self.as_object_mut().fill(fill.unwrap_or(0));
     }
 
-    pub fn map_page<T: TableLevel>(&self, root: &mut Table<T>, vaddr: VirtAddr, attr: MapAttr) -> SysResult {
+    pub fn map<T: TableLevel>(&self, root: &mut Table<T>, vaddr: VirtAddr, attr: MapAttr) -> SysResult {
         let masked_attr = attr & self.attr();
 
-        root.map(vaddr, self.cte.cap.get().ptr, masked_attr).map_err(|e| match e {
+        root.map(vaddr, self.cte.cap.get().ptr, masked_attr)?;
-            PageError::AlreadyMapped => SysError::AlreadyMapped,
-            PageError::MissingEntry => SysError::MissingEntry,
-            PageError::NotAligned => SysError::InvalidArgument,
-        })?;
 
         self.set_mapped_asid(0);
         self.set_mapped_vaddr(vaddr);
@@ -147,11 +146,13 @@ impl<'a> FrameCap<'a> {
             return Err(SysError::NotMapped);
         }
 
-        match root.lookup_mut(self.mapped_vaddr()) {
+        match root.lookup_mut(vaddr) {
             Some(entry) if entry.is_leaf() && entry.paddr() == self.cte.cap.get().ptr => {
                 entry.set_paddr(PhysAddr::default());
                 entry.set_attr(MapAttr::empty());
 
+                // todo: sfence.vma
+
                 self.set_mapped_asid(0);
                 self.set_mapped_vaddr(VirtAddr(0));
                 Ok(())

kernel/src/objects/table.rs

@@ -100,13 +100,8 @@ impl<'a> TableCap<'a> {
         array.fill(0);
     }
 
-    pub fn map_table<T: TableLevel>(&self, root: &mut Table<T>, vaddr: VirtAddr) -> SysResult {
+    pub fn map<T: TableLevel>(&self, root: &mut Table<T>, vaddr: VirtAddr) -> SysResult {
-        root.map(vaddr, self.cte.cap.get().ptr, MapAttr::PAGE_TABLE)
+        root.map(vaddr, self.cte.cap.get().ptr, MapAttr::PAGE_TABLE)?;
-            .map_err(|e| match e {
-                PageError::AlreadyMapped => SysError::AlreadyMapped,
-                PageError::MissingEntry => SysError::MissingEntry,
-                PageError::NotAligned => SysError::InvalidArgument,
-            })?;
 
         self.set_mapped_asid(0);
         self.set_mapped_vaddr(vaddr);
@@ -120,11 +115,13 @@ impl<'a> TableCap<'a> {
             return Err(SysError::NotMapped);
         }
 
-        match root.lookup_mut(self.mapped_vaddr()) {
+        match root.lookup_mut(vaddr) {
             Some(entry) if !entry.is_leaf() && entry.paddr() == self.cte.cap.get().ptr => {
                 entry.set_paddr(PhysAddr::default());
                 entry.set_attr(MapAttr::empty());
 
+                // todo: sfence.vma
+
                 self.set_mapped_asid(0);
                 self.set_mapped_vaddr(VirtAddr(0));
                 Ok(())

kernel/src/objects/untyped.rs

@@ -134,14 +134,14 @@ impl UntypedCap<'_> {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use crate::{arch::vspace::KERNEL_ALLOCATOR, objects::cap::CapEntry};
+    use crate::{arch::vspace::RAM_ALLOCATOR, objects::cap::CapEntry};
     use core::alloc::Layout;
     use log::info;
 
     fn alloc_mem(size: usize) -> PhysAddr {
         assert!(size.is_power_of_two());
         let layout = Layout::from_size_align(size, 1).unwrap();
-        KERNEL_ALLOCATOR.lock().alloc(layout).unwrap()
+        RAM_ALLOCATOR.lock().alloc(layout).unwrap()
     }
 
     fn create_untyped_cte(size: usize, is_device: bool) -> CapEntry {

kernel/src/vspace/error.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+use uapi::error::SysError;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum PageError {
+    AlreadyMapped,
+    MissingEntry,
+    NotAligned,
+}
+
+pub type PageResult<T = ()> = Result<T, PageError>;
+
+impl From<PageError> for SysError {
+    fn from(e: PageError) -> Self {
+        match e {
+            PageError::AlreadyMapped => SysError::AlreadyMapped,
+            PageError::MissingEntry => SysError::MissingEntry,
+            PageError::NotAligned => SysError::InvalidArgument,
+        }
+    }
+}

kernel/src/vspace/mod.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 mod addr;
 mod entry;
+mod error;
 mod level;
 mod table;
 
 pub use addr::*;
 pub use entry::*;
+pub use error::*;
 pub use level::*;
 pub use table::*;

kernel/src/vspace/table.rs

@@ -1,16 +1,6 @@
-use super::{MapAttr, TableLevel};
+use super::{MapAttr, PageResult, TableLevel};
-use core::fmt::Debug;
 use utils::addr::{PhysAddr, VirtAddr};
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub enum PageError {
-    AlreadyMapped,
-    MissingEntry,
-    NotAligned,
-}
-
-pub type PageResult<T = ()> = Result<T, PageError>;
-
 pub trait TableOps<'a, T: TableLevel> {
     /// # Safety
     /// `location` must be a page-aligned virtual address and will not be dropped.

lib/cpio/src/lib.rs

@@ -151,6 +151,17 @@ impl Entry {
     }
 }
 
+impl core::fmt::Debug for Entry {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter) -> core::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("Entry")
+            .field("filename", &self.filename())
+            .field("file_size", &self.file_size())
+            .field("is_tailer", &self.is_trailer())
+            .field("is_valid", &self.is_valid())
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
 impl<'a> Reader<'a> {
     pub fn new(data: &'a [u8]) -> Self {
         Reader { data }

lib/tracer/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[package]
+name = "tracer"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[lib]
+proc-macro = true
+
+[dependencies]
+syn = { version = "2.0", features = ["full"] }
+quote = "1.0"

lib/tracer/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+extern crate proc_macro;
+
+use proc_macro::TokenStream;
+use quote::quote;
+use syn::{
+    parse::Parser, parse_macro_input, punctuated::Punctuated, Expr, ExprLit, ExprPath, ItemFn, Lit, MetaNameValue, Token,
+};
+
+#[proc_macro_attribute]
+pub fn trace_callback(attr: TokenStream, item: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
+    let args = Punctuated::<MetaNameValue, Token![,]>::parse_terminated.parse(attr).unwrap();
+
+    let mut debug_print = false;
+    let mut callback = vec![];
+
+    for arg in args {
+        if !arg.path.is_ident("log") && !arg.path.is_ident("callback") {
+            panic!("Unknown attribute: {:?}.", arg.path.get_ident());
+        }
+
+        if arg.path.is_ident("log") {
+            if let Expr::Lit(ExprLit { lit: Lit::Bool(b), .. }) = &arg.value {
+                debug_print = b.value;
+            } else {
+                panic!("Unsupported log option provided.");
+            }
+        } else if arg.path.is_ident("callback") {
+            if let Expr::Path(ExprPath { path, .. }) = arg.value {
+                let ident = path.get_ident().expect("Invalid callback function provided.");
+                callback.push(ident.clone());
+            } else {
+                panic!("Unsupported callback option provided.");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    let input = parse_macro_input!(item as ItemFn);
+    let fn_name = &input.sig.ident;
+    let fn_block = &input.block;
+    let fn_vis = &input.vis;
+    let fn_sig = &input.sig;
+
+    let call_callback = callback.iter().map(|ident| {
+        quote! {
+            if #debug_print { log::trace!("[tracer][callback] invoking {}", stringify!(#ident)) }
+            #ident();
+        }
+    });
+
+    let expanded = quote! {
+         #fn_vis #fn_sig {
+            if #debug_print { log::trace!("[tracer] tracing {}", stringify!(#fn_name)) }
+            { #(#call_callback)* }
+            if #debug_print { log::trace!("[tracer][function] invoking {}", stringify!(#fn_name)) }
+            (|| #fn_block)()
+        }
+    };
+
+    TokenStream::from(expanded)
+}