diff --git a/core/iwasm/common/wasm_c_api.c b/core/iwasm/common/wasm_c_api.c
index 9321dbe1..697beb7b 100644
--- a/core/iwasm/common/wasm_c_api.c
+++ b/core/iwasm/common/wasm_c_api.c
@@ -322,7 +322,8 @@ wasm_engine_new()
         singleton_engine =
             wasm_engine_new_internal(Alloc_With_System_Allocator, NULL);
     }
-    singleton_engine->ref_count++;
+    if (singleton_engine)
+        singleton_engine->ref_count++;
     return singleton_engine;
 }
 
@@ -339,7 +340,8 @@ wasm_engine_new_with_args(mem_alloc_type_t type, const MemAllocOption *opts)
     if (!singleton_engine) {
         singleton_engine = wasm_engine_new_internal(type, opts);
     }
-    singleton_engine->ref_count++;
+    if (singleton_engine)
+        singleton_engine->ref_count++;
     return singleton_engine;
 }
 
diff --git a/core/iwasm/common/wasm_runtime_common.c b/core/iwasm/common/wasm_runtime_common.c
index 4028a144..4bdae0b3 100644
--- a/core/iwasm/common/wasm_runtime_common.c
+++ b/core/iwasm/common/wasm_runtime_common.c
@@ -1309,7 +1309,8 @@ wasm_runtime_finalize_call_function(WASMExecEnv *exec_env,
 
     bh_assert((argv && ret_argv) || (argc == 0));
 
-    if (argv == ret_argv) {
+    if (argv == ret_argv || argc == 0) {
+        /* no need to transfrom externref results */
         return true;
     }
 
@@ -2398,7 +2399,7 @@ wasm_runtime_init_wasi(WASMModuleInstanceCommon *module_inst,
         address = strtok(cp, "/");
         mask = strtok(NULL, "/");
 
-        ret = addr_pool_insert(apool, address, (uint8)(atoi(mask)));
+        ret = addr_pool_insert(apool, address, (uint8)(mask ? atoi(mask) : 0));
         wasm_runtime_free(cp);
         if (!ret) {
             set_error_buf(error_buf, error_buf_size,
diff --git a/core/iwasm/libraries/debug-engine/gdbserver.c b/core/iwasm/libraries/debug-engine/gdbserver.c
index 98f8aa27..d4744918 100644
--- a/core/iwasm/libraries/debug-engine/gdbserver.c
+++ b/core/iwasm/libraries/debug-engine/gdbserver.c
@@ -224,6 +224,8 @@ on_rsp_byte_arrive(unsigned char ch, rsp_recv_context_t *ctx)
         if (ctx->size_in_phase == 2) {
             ctx->size_in_phase = 0;
 
+            bh_assert(ctx->receive_index >= 3);
+
             if ((hex(ctx->receive_buffer[ctx->receive_index - 2]) << 4
                  | hex(ctx->receive_buffer[ctx->receive_index - 1]))
                 != ctx->check_sum) {
diff --git a/core/iwasm/libraries/libc-wasi/sandboxed-system-primitives/src/posix.c b/core/iwasm/libraries/libc-wasi/sandboxed-system-primitives/src/posix.c
index 7eff817e..d706c7ad 100644
--- a/core/iwasm/libraries/libc-wasi/sandboxed-system-primitives/src/posix.c
+++ b/core/iwasm/libraries/libc-wasi/sandboxed-system-primitives/src/posix.c
@@ -2910,7 +2910,7 @@ wasi_ssp_sock_open(
     error =
         fd_determine_type_rights(sock, &wasi_type, &max_base, &max_inheriting);
     if (error != __WASI_ESUCCESS) {
-        os_socket_close(ret);
+        os_socket_close(sock);
         return error;
     }
 
@@ -2925,7 +2925,7 @@ wasi_ssp_sock_open(
     error = fd_table_insert_fd(curfds, sock, wasi_type, max_base,
                                max_inheriting, sockfd);
     if (error != __WASI_ESUCCESS) {
-        os_socket_close(ret);
+        os_socket_close(sock);
         return error;
     }
 
diff --git a/core/shared/utils/bh_vector.c b/core/shared/utils/bh_vector.c
index f5a3692e..ea91bec6 100644
--- a/core/shared/utils/bh_vector.c
+++ b/core/shared/utils/bh_vector.c
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ bh_vector_init(Vector *vector, size_t init_length, size_t size_elem,
     vector->lock = NULL;
 
     if (use_lock) {
-        if (!(vector->lock = wasm_runtime_malloc(sizeof(korp_mutex)))) {
+        if (!(vector->lock = BH_MALLOC(sizeof(korp_mutex)))) {
             LOG_ERROR("Init vector failed: alloc locker failed.\n");
             bh_vector_destroy(vector);
             return false;
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ bh_vector_init(Vector *vector, size_t init_length, size_t size_elem,
         if (BHT_OK != os_mutex_init(vector->lock)) {
             LOG_ERROR("Init vector failed: init locker failed.\n");
 
-            wasm_runtime_free(vector->lock);
+            BH_FREE(vector->lock);
             vector->lock = NULL;
 
             bh_vector_destroy(vector);
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ bh_vector_destroy(Vector *vector)
 
     if (vector->lock) {
         os_mutex_destroy(vector->lock);
-        wasm_runtime_free(vector->lock);
+        BH_FREE(vector->lock);
     }
 
     memset(vector, 0, sizeof(Vector));
diff --git a/samples/wasm-c-api/src/reflect.c b/samples/wasm-c-api/src/reflect.c
index 915163b9..5967bad1 100644
--- a/samples/wasm-c-api/src/reflect.c
+++ b/samples/wasm-c-api/src/reflect.c
@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@ void print_mutability(wasm_mutability_t mut) {
 }
 
 void print_limits(const wasm_limits_t* limits) {
+  if (!limits) {
+    printf("unknown limits");
+    return;
+  }
   printf("%ud", limits->min);
   if (limits->max < wasm_limits_max_default) printf(" %ud", limits->max);
 }
@@ -43,6 +47,10 @@ void print_valtypes(const wasm_valtype_vec_t* types) {
 }
 
 void print_externtype(const wasm_externtype_t* type) {
+  if (!type) {
+    printf("unknown extern type");
+    return;
+  }
   switch (wasm_externtype_kind(type)) {
     case WASM_EXTERN_FUNC: {
       const wasm_functype_t* functype =
@@ -78,6 +86,10 @@ void print_externtype(const wasm_externtype_t* type) {
 }
 
 void print_name(const wasm_name_t* name) {
+  if (!name) {
+    printf("unknown name");
+    return;
+  }
   printf("\"%.*s\"", (int)name->size, name->data);
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/jetstream/build.sh b/tests/benchmarks/jetstream/build.sh
index 29dd8c83..030b8d3a 100755
--- a/tests/benchmarks/jetstream/build.sh
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/jetstream/build.sh
@@ -25,8 +25,9 @@ g++ -O3 -msse2 -msse3 -msse4 -o ${OUT_DIR}/gcc-loops_native gcc-loops.cpp
 echo "Build gcc-loops with em++ .."
 em++ -O3 -s STANDALONE_WASM=1 -msimd128 \
          -s INITIAL_MEMORY=1048576 \
-         -s ALLOW_MEMORY_GROWTH=1 -s TOTAL_STACK=32768 \
+         -s TOTAL_STACK=32768 \
          -s "EXPORTED_FUNCTIONS=['_main']" \
+         -s ERROR_ON_UNDEFINED_SYMBOLS=0 \
          -o ${OUT_DIR}/gcc-loops.wasm gcc-loops.cpp
 
 echo "Compile gcc-loops.wasm to gcc-loops.aot"
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ gcc -O3 -msse2 -msse3 -msse4 -o ${OUT_DIR}/quicksort_native quicksort.c
 echo "Build quicksort with emcc .."
 emcc -O3 -s STANDALONE_WASM=1 -msimd128 \
          -s INITIAL_MEMORY=1048576 \
-         -s ALLOW_MEMORY_GROWTH=1 -s TOTAL_STACK=32768 \
+         -s TOTAL_STACK=32768 \
          -s "EXPORTED_FUNCTIONS=['_main']" \
          -o ${OUT_DIR}/quicksort.wasm quicksort.c
 
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ g++ -O3 -msse2 -msse3 -msse4 -o ${OUT_DIR}/HashSet_native HashSet.cpp \
 echo "Build HashSet with em++ .."
 em++ -O3 -s STANDALONE_WASM=1 -msimd128 \
          -s INITIAL_MEMORY=1048576 \
-         -s ALLOW_MEMORY_GROWTH=1 -s TOTAL_STACK=32768 \
+         -s TOTAL_STACK=32768 \
          -s "EXPORTED_FUNCTIONS=['_main']" \
          -o ${OUT_DIR}/HashSet.wasm HashSet.cpp
 
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ gcc -O3 -msse2 -msse3 -msse4 -o ${OUT_DIR}/float-mm_native float-mm.c
 echo "Build float-mm with emcc .."
 emcc -O3 -s STANDALONE_WASM=1 -msimd128 \
          -s INITIAL_MEMORY=1048576 \
-         -s ALLOW_MEMORY_GROWTH=1 -s TOTAL_STACK=32768 \
+         -s TOTAL_STACK=32768 \
          -s "EXPORTED_FUNCTIONS=['_main']" \
          -o ${OUT_DIR}/float-mm.wasm float-mm.c