diff --git a/.devcontainer/Dockerfile b/.devcontainer/Dockerfile
index 5ddba8f3..7ccfa246 100644
--- a/.devcontainer/Dockerfile
+++ b/.devcontainer/Dockerfile
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ ENV TZ=Asian/Shanghai
 # hadolint ignore=DL3008
 RUN apt-get update \
   && apt-get install -y apt-transport-https apt-utils build-essential \
-  ca-certificates curl g++-multilib git gnupg \
+  ca-certificates ccache curl g++-multilib git gnupg \
   libgcc-9-dev lib32gcc-9-dev lsb-release \
   ninja-build ocaml ocamlbuild python2.7 \
   software-properties-common tree tzdata \
@@ -20,6 +20,15 @@ RUN apt-get update \
   && apt-get clean -y \
   && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
+#
+# binaryen
+ARG BINARYEN_VER=111
+WORKDIR /opt
+RUN wget -c --progress=dot:giga https://github.com/WebAssembly/binaryen/releases/download/version_${BINARYEN_VER}/binaryen-version_${BINARYEN_VER}-x86_64-linux.tar.gz \
+  && tar xf binaryen-version_${BINARYEN_VER}-x86_64-linux.tar.gz \
+  && ln -sf /opt/binaryen-version_111 /opt/binaryen \
+  && rm binaryen-version_${BINARYEN_VER}-x86_64-linux.tar.gz
+
 #
 # CMAKE (https://apt.kitware.com/)
 SHELL ["/bin/bash", "-o", "pipefail", "-c"]
@@ -31,25 +40,26 @@ RUN wget --progress=dot:giga -O - https://apt.kitware.com/keys/kitware-archive-l
   && apt-get install -y kitware-archive-keyring --no-install-recommends \
   && apt-get install -y cmake --no-install-recommends \
   && apt-get clean -y \
-  && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* 
+  && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
 #
 # install emsdk
 WORKDIR /opt
 RUN git clone https://github.com/emscripten-core/emsdk.git
 
+ARG EMSDK_VER=3.0.0
 WORKDIR /opt/emsdk
 RUN  git pull \
-  && ./emsdk install 2.0.26 \
-  && ./emsdk activate 2.0.26 \
+  && ./emsdk install ${EMSDK_VER} \
+  && ./emsdk activate ${EMSDK_VER} \
   && echo "source /opt/emsdk/emsdk_env.sh" >> /root/.bashrc
 
 #
 # install wasi-sdk
-ARG WASI_SDK_VER=16
+ARG WASI_SDK_VER=19
 RUN wget -c --progress=dot:giga https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-${WASI_SDK_VER}/wasi-sdk-${WASI_SDK_VER}.0-linux.tar.gz -P /opt \
   && tar xf /opt/wasi-sdk-${WASI_SDK_VER}.0-linux.tar.gz -C /opt \
-  && ln -fs /opt/wasi-sdk-${WASI_SDK_VER}.0 /opt/wasi-sdk \
+  && ln -sf /opt/wasi-sdk-${WASI_SDK_VER}.0 /opt/wasi-sdk \
   && rm /opt/wasi-sdk-${WASI_SDK_VER}.0-linux.tar.gz
 
 #
@@ -57,29 +67,29 @@ RUN wget -c --progress=dot:giga https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases
 ARG WABT_VER=1.0.29
 RUN wget -c --progress=dot:giga https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt/releases/download/${WABT_VER}/wabt-${WABT_VER}-ubuntu.tar.gz -P /opt \
   && tar xf /opt/wabt-${WABT_VER}-ubuntu.tar.gz -C /opt \
-  && ln -fs /opt/wabt-${WABT_VER} /opt/wabt \
+  && ln -sf /opt/wabt-${WABT_VER} /opt/wabt \
   && rm /opt/wabt-${WABT_VER}-ubuntu.tar.gz
 
 #
 # install bazelisk
 ARG BAZELISK_VER=1.12.0
-RUN mkdir /opt/bazelisk \ 
+RUN mkdir /opt/bazelisk \
   && wget -c --progress=dot:giga https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazelisk/releases/download/v${BAZELISK_VER}/bazelisk-linux-amd64 -P /opt/bazelisk \
   && chmod a+x /opt/bazelisk/bazelisk-linux-amd64 \
   && ln -fs /opt/bazelisk/bazelisk-linux-amd64 /opt/bazelisk/bazel
 
 #
 # install clang+llvm
+ARG LLVM_VER=14
+RUN apt-get purge -y clang-10 llvm-10 && apt autoremove -y
 WORKDIR /etc/apt/apt.conf.d
 RUN touch 99verfiy-peer.conf \
   && echo "Acquire { https::Verify-Peer false }" > 99verfiy-peer.conf
 
-WORKDIR /tmp 
+WORKDIR /tmp
 RUN wget --progress=dot:giga https://apt.llvm.org/llvm.sh \
   && chmod a+x ./llvm.sh \
-  && /tmp/llvm.sh 12 all \ 
-  && ln -sf /usr/bin/clang-format-12 /usr/bin/clang-format \
-  && rm -rf /tmp/*
+  && ./llvm.sh ${LLVM_VER} all
 
 #
 # [Optional]
@@ -96,17 +106,28 @@ RUN apt-get update \
 # Install required python packages
 # hadolint ignore=DL3013
 RUN python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade pip \
-  && pip3 install --no-cache-dir --user black nose pycparser pylint
+  && pip3 install --no-cache-dir black nose pycparser pylint
 
-# set path, PS and clean up
-ENV PATH "/opt/bazelisk:/opt/clang-llvm/bin:${PATH}"
-RUN echo "export PATH=/opt/bazelisk:/opt/clang-llvm/bin:${PATH}" >> /root/.bashrc \
-  && printf "%s\n" "PS1='\n[ \u@wamr-dev-docker \W ]\n$ '" >> /root/.bashrc \
+#
+# Install github-cli. It doens't work as a feature of devcontainer.json
+RUN cd /tmp \
+  && wget https://github.com/cli/cli/releases/download/v2.20.2/gh_2.20.2_linux_amd64.deb \
+  && dpkg -i gh_2.20.2_linux_amd64.deb
+
+#
+# Install NodeJS
+RUN curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_19.x | bash -
+RUN apt-get install -y nodejs
+
+# set path
+ENV PATH="/opt/bazelisk:/usr/lib/llvm-${LLVM_VER}/bin:${PATH}"
+ENV CC=/usr/lib/llvm-${LLVM_VER}/bin/clang CXX=/usr/lib/llvm-${LLVM_VER}/bin/clang++
+RUN printf "%s\n" "PS1='\n[ \u@wamr-dev-docker \W ]\n$ '" >> /root/.bashrc \
   && apt-get autoremove -y \
   && apt-get clean -y \
   && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
   && rm -rf /tmp/*
 
 # set workdir when container run
-VOLUME /workspace
-WORKDIR /workspace
\ No newline at end of file
+VOLUME /workspaces
+WORKDIR /workspaces
diff --git a/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json b/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
index 976f5beb..24e1bdfd 100644
--- a/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
+++ b/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2019 Intel Corporation.  All rights reserved.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
-
 // For format details, see https://aka.ms/vscode-remote/devcontainer.json or this file's README at:
 // https://github.com/microsoft/vscode-dev-containers/tree/v0.195.0/containers/cpp
 {
@@ -10,7 +9,12 @@
     // Update 'VARIANT' to pick an Debian / Ubuntu OS version: debian-11, debian-10, debian-9, ubuntu-21.04, ubuntu-20.04, ubuntu-18.04
     // Use Debian 11, Debian 9, Ubuntu 18.04 or Ubuntu 21.04 on local arm64/Apple Silicon
     "args": {
-      "VARIANT": "ubuntu-20.04"
+      "BINARYEN_VER": "111",
+      "EMSDK_VER": "3.0.0",
+      "LLVM_VER": "15",
+      "VARIANT": "ubuntu-20.04",
+      "WASI_SDK_VER": "19",
+      "WABT_VER": "1.0.31"
     }
   },
   "runArgs": [
@@ -27,12 +31,10 @@
       // Add the IDs of extensions you want installed when the container is created.
       "extensions": [
         "dtsvet.vscode-wasm",
-        "esbenp.prettier-vscode",
+        "llvm-vs-code-extensions.vscode-clangd",
         "ms-python.python",
         "ms-python.vscode-pylance",
         "ms-vscode.cmake-tools",
-        "ms-vscode.cpptools",
-        "twxs.cmake"
       ]
     }
   },
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build_llvm_libraries.yml b/.github/workflows/build_llvm_libraries.yml
index 6eaa2be7..b82b89e6 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build_llvm_libraries.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build_llvm_libraries.yml
@@ -5,23 +5,42 @@ name: Reusable workflow-build_llvm_libraries
 on:
   workflow_call:
     inputs:
-      runs-on:
+      os:
         required: true
         type: string
+      arch:
+        required: true
+        type: string
+    outputs:
+      cache_key:
+        description: "A cached key of LLVM libraries"
+        value: ${{ jobs.build_llvm_libraries.outputs.key}}
 
 jobs:
   build_llvm_libraries:
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        os: ${{ fromJson(inputs.runs-on) }}
+    runs-on: ${{ inputs.os }}
+    outputs:
+      key: ${{ steps.create_lib_cache_key.outputs.key}}
 
     steps:
       - name: checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
+      - name: retrive the last commit ID
+        id: get_last_commit
+        run: echo "last_commit=$(/usr/bin/env python3 ./build_llvm.py --llvm-ver)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        working-directory: build-scripts
+
+      # Bump the prefix number to evict all previous caches and
+      # enforce a clean build, in the unlikely case that some
+      # weird build error occur and llvm/build becomes a potential
+      # suspect.
+      - name: form the cache key of libraries
+        id: create_lib_cache_key
+        run: echo "key=0-llvm-libraries-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ inputs.arch }}-${{ steps.get_last_commit.outputs.last_commit }}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
       - name: Cache LLVM libraries
-        id: cache_llvm
+        id: retrieve_llvm_libs
         uses: actions/cache@v3
         with:
           path: |
@@ -30,10 +49,39 @@ jobs:
             ./core/deps/llvm/build/lib
             ./core/deps/llvm/build/libexec
             ./core/deps/llvm/build/share
-          key: ${{ matrix.os }}-build-llvm_libraries_ex
+          key: ${{ steps.create_lib_cache_key.outputs.key}}
 
-      - name: Build llvm
-        id: build_llvm
-        if: ${{ steps.cache_llvm.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' }} 
-        run: /usr/bin/env python3 ./build_llvm.py --arch X86 WebAssembly
+      - uses: actions/cache@v3
+        with:
+          path: ~/.ccache
+          key: 0-ccache-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ steps.get_last_commit.outputs.last_commit }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            0-ccache-${{ inputs.os }}
+        if: steps.retrieve_llvm_libs.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' && inputs.os == 'ubuntu-20.04'
+
+      - uses: actions/cache@v3
+        with:
+          path: ~/.cache/ccache
+          key: 0-ccache-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ steps.get_last_commit.outputs.last_commit }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            0-ccache-${{ inputs.os }}
+        if: steps.retrieve_llvm_libs.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' && inputs.os == 'ubuntu-22.04'
+
+      - run: sudo apt install -y ccache ninja-build
+        if: steps.retrieve_llvm_libs.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' && startsWith(inputs.os, 'ubuntu')
+
+      - uses: actions/cache@v3
+        with:
+          path: ~/Library/Caches/ccache
+          key: 0-ccache-${{ inputs.os }}-${{ steps.get_last_commit.outputs.last_commit }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            0-ccache-${{ inputs.os }}
+        if: steps.retrieve_llvm_libs.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' && startsWith(inputs.os, 'macos')
+
+      - run: brew install ccache ninja
+        if: steps.retrieve_llvm_libs.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' && startsWith(inputs.os, 'macos')
+
+      - name: Build LLVM libraries
+        if: steps.retrieve_llvm_libs.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        run: /usr/bin/env python3 ./build_llvm.py --arch ${{ inputs.arch }}
         working-directory: build-scripts
diff --git a/.github/workflows/compilation_on_android_ubuntu.yml b/.github/workflows/compilation_on_android_ubuntu.yml
index 6980e273..93528b14 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/compilation_on_android_ubuntu.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/compilation_on_android_ubuntu.yml
@@ -53,8 +53,6 @@ env:
   FAST_JIT_BUILD_OPTIONS: "      -DWAMR_BUILD_AOT=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_FAST_INTERP=0 -DWAMR_BUILD_INTERP=0 -DWAMR_BUILD_FAST_JIT=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_JIT=0 -DWAMR_BUILD_LAZY_JIT=0"
   LLVM_LAZY_JIT_BUILD_OPTIONS: " -DWAMR_BUILD_AOT=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_FAST_INTERP=0 -DWAMR_BUILD_INTERP=0 -DWAMR_BUILD_FAST_JIT=0 -DWAMR_BUILD_JIT=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_LAZY_JIT=1"
   LLVM_EAGER_JIT_BUILD_OPTIONS: "-DWAMR_BUILD_AOT=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_FAST_INTERP=0 -DWAMR_BUILD_INTERP=0 -DWAMR_BUILD_FAST_JIT=0 -DWAMR_BUILD_JIT=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_LAZY_JIT=0"
-  # LLVM
-  LLVM_CACHE_SUFFIX: "build-llvm_libraries_ex"
   # For Spec Test
   DEFAULT_TEST_OPTIONS: "-s spec -b -P"
   MULTI_MODULES_TEST_OPTIONS: "-s spec -b -M -P"
@@ -64,23 +62,37 @@ env:
   WASI_TEST_OPTIONS: "-s wasi_certification"
 
 jobs:
-  build_llvm_libraries:
+  build_llvm_libraries_on_ubuntu_2004:
     uses: ./.github/workflows/build_llvm_libraries.yml
     with:
-      runs-on: "['ubuntu-20.04', 'ubuntu-22.04']"
+      os: "ubuntu-20.04"
+      arch: "X86"
+
+  build_llvm_libraries_on_ubuntu_2204:
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/build_llvm_libraries.yml
+    with:
+      os: "ubuntu-22.04"
+      arch: "X86"
 
   build_wamrc:
-    needs: [build_llvm_libraries]
+    needs:
+      [build_llvm_libraries_on_ubuntu_2004, build_llvm_libraries_on_ubuntu_2204]
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-20.04, ubuntu-22.04]
+        include:
+          - os: ubuntu-20.04
+            llvm_cache_key: ${{ needs.build_llvm_libraries_on_ubuntu_2004.outputs.cache_key }}
+          - os: ubuntu-22.04
+            llvm_cache_key: ${{ needs.build_llvm_libraries_on_ubuntu_2204.outputs.cache_key }}
     steps:
       - name: checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
+      # since jobs.id can't contain the dot character
+      # it is hard to use `format` to assemble the cache key
       - name: Get LLVM libraries
-        id: cache_llvm
+        id: retrieve_llvm_libs
         uses: actions/cache@v3
         with:
           path: |
@@ -89,10 +101,10 @@ jobs:
             ./core/deps/llvm/build/lib
             ./core/deps/llvm/build/libexec
             ./core/deps/llvm/build/share
-          key: ${{ matrix.os }}-${{ env.LLVM_CACHE_SUFFIX }}
+          key: ${{ matrix.llvm_cache_key }}
 
       - name: Quit if cache miss
-        if: steps.cache_llvm.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        if: steps.retrieve_llvm_libs.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         run: echo "::error::can not get prebuilt llvm libraries" && exit 1
 
       - name: Build wamrc
@@ -103,7 +115,8 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: wamr-compiler
 
   build_iwasm:
-    needs: [build_llvm_libraries]
+    needs:
+      [build_llvm_libraries_on_ubuntu_2004, build_llvm_libraries_on_ubuntu_2204]
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
@@ -187,13 +200,21 @@ jobs:
           # Fast-JIT mode doesn't support android(X86-32)
           - make_options_run_mode: $FAST_JIT_BUILD_OPTIONS
             platform: android
+          # only test andorid on ubuntu latest
+          - os: ubuntu-20.04
+            platform: android
+        include:
+          - os: ubuntu-20.04
+            llvm_cache_key: ${{ needs.build_llvm_libraries_on_ubuntu_2004.outputs.cache_key }}
+          - os: ubuntu-22.04
+            llvm_cache_key: ${{ needs.build_llvm_libraries_on_ubuntu_2204.outputs.cache_key }}
     steps:
       - name: checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
       # only download llvm cache when needed
       - name: Get LLVM libraries
-        id: cache_llvm
+        id: retrieve_llvm_libs
         if: endsWith(matrix.make_options_run_mode, '_JIT_BUILD_OPTIONS')
         uses: actions/cache@v3
         with:
@@ -203,10 +224,10 @@ jobs:
             ./core/deps/llvm/build/lib
             ./core/deps/llvm/build/libexec
             ./core/deps/llvm/build/share
-          key: ${{ matrix.os }}-${{ env.LLVM_CACHE_SUFFIX }}
+          key: ${{ matrix.llvm_cache_key }}
 
       - name: Quit if cache miss
-        if: endsWith(matrix.make_options_run_mode, '_JIT_BUILD_OPTIONS') && (steps.cache_llvm.outputs.cache-hit != 'true')
+        if: endsWith(matrix.make_options_run_mode, '_JIT_BUILD_OPTIONS') && (steps.retrieve_llvm_libs.outputs.cache-hit != 'true')
         run: echo "::error::can not get prebuilt llvm libraries" && exit 1
 
       - name: Build iwasm
@@ -217,7 +238,13 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: product-mini/platforms/${{ matrix.platform }}
 
   build_samples_wasm_c_api:
-    needs: [build_iwasm, build_llvm_libraries, build_wamrc]
+    needs:
+      [
+        build_iwasm,
+        build_llvm_libraries_on_ubuntu_2004,
+        build_llvm_libraries_on_ubuntu_2204,
+        build_wamrc,
+      ]
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
@@ -233,18 +260,23 @@ jobs:
         os: [ubuntu-20.04, ubuntu-22.04]
         wasi_sdk_release:
           [
-            "https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-12/wasi-sdk-12.0-linux.tar.gz",
+            "https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-19/wasi-sdk-19.0-linux.tar.gz",
           ]
         wabt_release:
           [
-            "https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt/releases/download/1.0.24/wabt-1.0.24-ubuntu.tar.gz",
+            "https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt/releases/download/1.0.31/wabt-1.0.31-ubuntu.tar.gz",
           ]
+        include:
+          - os: ubuntu-20.04
+            llvm_cache_key: ${{ needs.build_llvm_libraries_on_ubuntu_2004.outputs.cache_key }}
+          - os: ubuntu-22.04
+            llvm_cache_key: ${{ needs.build_llvm_libraries_on_ubuntu_2204.outputs.cache_key }}
     steps:
       - name: checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
       - name: Get LLVM libraries
-        id: cache_llvm
+        id: retrieve_llvm_libs
         if: (!endsWith(matrix.make_options, '_INTERP_BUILD_OPTIONS'))
         uses: actions/cache@v3
         with:
@@ -254,18 +286,18 @@ jobs:
             ./core/deps/llvm/build/lib
             ./core/deps/llvm/build/libexec
             ./core/deps/llvm/build/share
-          key: ${{ matrix.os }}-${{ env.LLVM_CACHE_SUFFIX }}
+          key: ${{ matrix.llvm_cache_key }}
 
       - name: Quit if cache miss
-        if: (!endsWith(matrix.make_options, '_INTERP_BUILD_OPTIONS')) && (steps.cache_llvm.outputs.cache-hit != 'true')
+        if: (!endsWith(matrix.make_options, '_INTERP_BUILD_OPTIONS')) && (steps.retrieve_llvm_libs.outputs.cache-hit != 'true')
         run: echo "::error::can not get prebuilt llvm libraries" && exit 1
 
       - name: download and install wabt
         run: |
           cd /opt
           sudo wget ${{ matrix.wabt_release }}
-          sudo tar -xzf wabt-1.0.24-*.tar.gz
-          sudo mv wabt-1.0.24 wabt
+          sudo tar -xzf wabt-1.0.31-*.tar.gz
+          sudo mv wabt-1.0.31 wabt
 
       - name: Build wamrc
         if: (!endsWith(matrix.make_options, '_INTERP_BUILD_OPTIONS'))
@@ -277,19 +309,9 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Build Sample [wasm-c-api]
         run: |
-          mkdir build && cd build
-          cmake .. ${{ matrix.make_options }}
-          cmake --build . --config Release --parallel 4
-          ./callback
-          ./callback_chain
-          ./empty_imports
-          ./global
-          ./hello
-          ./hostref
-          ./memory
-          ./reflect
-          ./table
-          ./trap
+          cmake -S . -B build ${{ matrix.make_options }}
+          cmake --build build --config Release --parallel 4
+          ctest --test-dir build
         working-directory: samples/wasm-c-api
 
   build_samples_others:
@@ -298,14 +320,13 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-20.04, ubuntu-22.04]
-        wasi_sdk_release:
-          [
-            "https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-12/wasi-sdk-12.0-linux.tar.gz",
-          ]
-        wabt_release:
-          [
-            "https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt/releases/download/1.0.24/wabt-1.0.24-ubuntu.tar.gz",
-          ]
+        include:
+          - os: ubuntu-20.04
+            wasi_sdk_release: "https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-19/wasi-sdk-19.0-linux.tar.gz"
+            wabt_release: "https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt/releases/download/1.0.31/wabt-1.0.31-ubuntu.tar.gz"
+          - os: ubuntu-22.04
+            wasi_sdk_release: "https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-19/wasi-sdk-19.0-linux.tar.gz"
+            wabt_release: "https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt/releases/download/1.0.31/wabt-1.0.31-ubuntu.tar.gz"
     steps:
       - name: checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
@@ -314,15 +335,15 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           cd /opt
           sudo wget ${{ matrix.wasi_sdk_release }}
-          sudo tar -xzf wasi-sdk-12.0-*.tar.gz
-          sudo mv wasi-sdk-12.0 wasi-sdk
+          sudo tar -xzf wasi-sdk-*.tar.gz
+          sudo mv wasi-sdk-19.0 wasi-sdk
 
       - name: download and install wabt
         run: |
           cd /opt
           sudo wget ${{ matrix.wabt_release }}
-          sudo tar -xzf wabt-1.0.24-*.tar.gz
-          sudo mv wabt-1.0.24 wabt
+          sudo tar -xzf wabt-1.0.31-*.tar.gz
+          sudo mv wabt-1.0.31 wabt
 
       - name: Build Sample [basic]
         run: |
@@ -378,7 +399,7 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: ./samples/simple
 
   test:
-    needs: [build_iwasm, build_llvm_libraries, build_wamrc]
+    needs: [build_iwasm, build_llvm_libraries_on_ubuntu_2004, build_wamrc]
     runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
     strategy:
       matrix:
@@ -392,6 +413,8 @@ jobs:
             $THREADS_TEST_OPTIONS,
             $WASI_TEST_OPTIONS,
           ]
+        llvm_cache_key:
+          ["${{ needs.build_llvm_libraries_on_ubuntu_2004.outputs.cache_key }}"]
         exclude:
           # uncompatiable modes and features
           # classic-interp and fast-interp don't support simd
@@ -432,7 +455,7 @@ jobs:
       #only download llvm libraries in jit and aot mode
       - name: Get LLVM libraries
         if: env.USE_LLVM == 'true'
-        id: cache_llvm
+        id: retrieve_llvm_libs
         uses: actions/cache@v3
         with:
           path: |
@@ -441,10 +464,10 @@ jobs:
             ./core/deps/llvm/build/lib
             ./core/deps/llvm/build/libexec
             ./core/deps/llvm/build/share
-          key: ubuntu-20.04-${{ env.LLVM_CACHE_SUFFIX }}
+          key: ${{ matrix.llvm_cache_key }}
 
       - name: Quit if cache miss
-        if: env.USE_LLVM == 'true' && steps.cache_llvm.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        if: env.USE_LLVM == 'true' && steps.retrieve_llvm_libs.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         run: echo "::error::can not get prebuilt llvm libraries" && exit 1
 
       - name: run tests
diff --git a/.github/workflows/compilation_on_macos.yml b/.github/workflows/compilation_on_macos.yml
index 73ebec89..7ad395b2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/compilation_on_macos.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/compilation_on_macos.yml
@@ -51,26 +51,28 @@ env:
   FAST_INTERP_BUILD_OPTIONS: "-DWAMR_BUILD_AOT=0 -DWAMR_BUILD_FAST_INTERP=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_INTERP=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_JIT=0 -DWAMR_BUILD_LAZY_JIT=0"
   LLVM_LAZY_JIT_BUILD_OPTIONS: "-DWAMR_BUILD_AOT=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_FAST_INTERP=0 -DWAMR_BUILD_INTERP=0 -DWAMR_BUILD_JIT=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_LAZY_JIT=1"
   LLVM_EAGER_JIT_BUILD_OPTIONS: "-DWAMR_BUILD_AOT=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_FAST_INTERP=0 -DWAMR_BUILD_INTERP=0 -DWAMR_BUILD_JIT=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_LAZY_JIT=0"
-  LLVM_CACHE_SUFFIX: "build-llvm_libraries_ex"
 
 jobs:
   build_llvm_libraries:
     uses: ./.github/workflows/build_llvm_libraries.yml
     with:
-      runs-on: "['macos-latest']"
+      os: "macos-latest"
+      arch: "X86"
 
   build_wamrc:
     needs: [build_llvm_libraries]
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [macos-latest]
+        include:
+          - os: macos-latest
+            llvm_cache_key: ${{ needs.build_llvm_libraries.outputs.cache_key }}
     steps:
       - name: checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
       - name: Get LLVM libraries
-        id: cache_llvm
+        id: retrieve_llvm_libs
         uses: actions/cache@v3
         with:
           path: |
@@ -79,10 +81,10 @@ jobs:
             ./core/deps/llvm/build/lib
             ./core/deps/llvm/build/libexec
             ./core/deps/llvm/build/share
-          key: ${{ matrix.os }}-${{ env.LLVM_CACHE_SUFFIX }}
+          key: ${{ matrix.llvm_cache_key }}
 
       - name: Quit if cache miss
-        if: steps.cache_llvm.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        if: steps.retrieve_llvm_libs.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         run: echo "::error::can not get prebuilt llvm libraries" && exit 1
 
       - name: Build wamrc
@@ -166,13 +168,16 @@ jobs:
             make_options_feature: "-DWAMR_BUILD_MINI_LOADER=1"
           - make_options_run_mode: $LLVM_EAGER_JIT_BUILD_OPTIONS
             make_options_feature: "-DWAMR_BUILD_MINI_LOADER=1"
+        include:
+          - os: macos-latest
+            llvm_cache_key: ${{ needs.build_llvm_libraries.outputs.cache_key }}
     steps:
       - name: checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
       # only download llvm cache when needed
       - name: Get LLVM libraries
-        id: cache_llvm
+        id: retrieve_llvm_libs
         if: endsWith(matrix.make_options_run_mode, '_JIT_BUILD_OPTIONS')
         uses: actions/cache@v3
         with:
@@ -182,10 +187,10 @@ jobs:
             ./core/deps/llvm/build/lib
             ./core/deps/llvm/build/libexec
             ./core/deps/llvm/build/share
-          key: ${{ matrix.os }}-${{ env.LLVM_CACHE_SUFFIX }}
+          key: ${{ matrix.llvm_cache_key }}
 
       - name: Quit if cache miss
-        if: endsWith(matrix.make_options_run_mode, '_JIT_BUILD_OPTIONS') && (steps.cache_llvm.outputs.cache-hit != 'true')
+        if: endsWith(matrix.make_options_run_mode, '_JIT_BUILD_OPTIONS') && (steps.retrieve_llvm_libs.outputs.cache-hit != 'true')
         run: echo "::error::can not get prebuilt llvm libraries" && exit 1
 
       - name: Build iwasm
@@ -210,8 +215,14 @@ jobs:
             #$AOT_BUILD_OPTIONS,
           ]
         os: [macos-latest]
-        wasi_sdk_release: ["https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-12/wasi-sdk-12.0-macos.tar.gz"]
-        wabt_release: ["https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt/releases/download/1.0.24/wabt-1.0.24-macos.tar.gz"]
+        wasi_sdk_release:
+          [
+            "https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-19/wasi-sdk-19.0-macos.tar.gz",
+          ]
+        wabt_release:
+          [
+            "https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt/releases/download/1.0.31/wabt-1.0.31-macos-12.tar.gz",
+          ]
     steps:
       - name: checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
@@ -220,24 +231,14 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           cd /opt
           sudo wget ${{ matrix.wabt_release }}
-          sudo tar -xzf wabt-1.0.24-*.tar.gz
-          sudo mv wabt-1.0.24 wabt
+          sudo tar -xzf wabt-1.0.31-*.tar.gz
+          sudo mv wabt-1.0.31 wabt
 
       - name: Build Sample [wasm-c-api]
         run: |
-          mkdir build && cd build
-          cmake .. ${{ matrix.make_options }}
-          cmake --build . --config Release --parallel 4
-          ./callback
-          ./callback_chain
-          ./empty_imports
-          ./global
-          ./hello
-          ./hostref
-          ./memory
-          ./reflect
-          ./table
-          ./trap
+          cmake -S . -B build ${{ matrix.make_options }}
+          cmake --build build --config Release --parallel 4
+          ctest --test-dir build
         working-directory: samples/wasm-c-api
 
   build_samples_others:
@@ -246,8 +247,14 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         os: [macos-latest]
-        wasi_sdk_release: ["https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-12/wasi-sdk-12.0-macos.tar.gz"]
-        wabt_release: ["https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt/releases/download/1.0.24/wabt-1.0.24-macos.tar.gz"]
+        wasi_sdk_release:
+          [
+            "https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-19/wasi-sdk-19.0-macos.tar.gz",
+          ]
+        wabt_release:
+          [
+            "https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt/releases/download/1.0.31/wabt-1.0.31-macos-12.tar.gz",
+          ]
     steps:
       - name: checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
@@ -256,15 +263,15 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           cd /opt
           sudo wget ${{ matrix.wasi_sdk_release }}
-          sudo tar -xzf wasi-sdk-12.0-*.tar.gz
-          sudo mv wasi-sdk-12.0 wasi-sdk
+          sudo tar -xzf wasi-sdk-*.tar.gz
+          sudo mv wasi-sdk-19.0 wasi-sdk
 
       - name: download and install wabt
         run: |
           cd /opt
           sudo wget ${{ matrix.wabt_release }}
-          sudo tar -xzf wabt-1.0.24-*.tar.gz
-          sudo mv wabt-1.0.24 wabt
+          sudo tar -xzf wabt-1.0.31-*.tar.gz
+          sudo mv wabt-1.0.31 wabt
 
       - name: Build Sample [basic]
         run: |
diff --git a/.github/workflows/compilation_on_sgx.yml b/.github/workflows/compilation_on_sgx.yml
index 70eeaec0..5975c262 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/compilation_on_sgx.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/compilation_on_sgx.yml
@@ -51,13 +51,13 @@ env:
   FAST_INTERP_BUILD_OPTIONS: "-DWAMR_BUILD_AOT=0 -DWAMR_BUILD_FAST_INTERP=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_INTERP=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_JIT=0 -DWAMR_BUILD_LAZY_JIT=0"
   LLVM_LAZY_JIT_BUILD_OPTIONS: "-DWAMR_BUILD_AOT=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_FAST_INTERP=0 -DWAMR_BUILD_INTERP=0 -DWAMR_BUILD_JIT=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_LAZY_JIT=1"
   LLVM_EAGER_JIT_BUILD_OPTIONS: "-DWAMR_BUILD_AOT=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_FAST_INTERP=0 -DWAMR_BUILD_INTERP=0 -DWAMR_BUILD_JIT=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_LAZY_JIT=0"
-  LLVM_CACHE_SUFFIX: "build-llvm_libraries_ex"
 
 jobs:
   build_llvm_libraries:
     uses: ./.github/workflows/build_llvm_libraries.yml
     with:
-      runs-on: "['ubuntu-20.04']"
+      os: "ubuntu-20.04"
+      arch: "X86"
 
   build_iwasm:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
@@ -131,7 +131,9 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-20.04]
+        include:
+          - os: ubuntu-20.04
+            llvm_cache_key: ${{ needs.build_llvm_libraries.outputs.cache_key }}
     steps:
       - name: install SGX SDK and necessary libraries
         run: |
@@ -150,7 +152,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
       - name: Get LLVM libraries
-        id: cache_llvm
+        id: retrieve_llvm_libs
         uses: actions/cache@v3
         with:
           path: |
@@ -159,10 +161,10 @@ jobs:
             ./core/deps/llvm/build/lib
             ./core/deps/llvm/build/libexec
             ./core/deps/llvm/build/share
-          key: ${{ matrix.os }}-${{ env.LLVM_CACHE_SUFFIX }}
+          key: ${{ matrix.llvm_cache_key }}
 
       - name: Quit if cache miss
-        if: steps.cache_llvm.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        if: steps.retrieve_llvm_libs.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         run: echo "::error::can not get prebuilt llvm libraries" && exit 1
 
       - name: Build wamrc
@@ -189,11 +191,11 @@ jobs:
         os: [ubuntu-20.04]
         wasi_sdk_release:
           [
-            "https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-12/wasi-sdk-12.0-linux.tar.gz",
+            "https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-19/wasi-sdk-19.0-linux.tar.gz",
           ]
         wabt_release:
           [
-            "https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt/releases/download/1.0.24/wabt-1.0.24-ubuntu.tar.gz",
+            "https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt/releases/download/1.0.31/wabt-1.0.31-ubuntu.tar.gz",
           ]
     steps:
       - name: checkout
@@ -203,8 +205,8 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           cd /opt
           sudo wget ${{ matrix.wabt_release }}
-          sudo tar -xzf wabt-1.0.24-*.tar.gz
-          sudo mv wabt-1.0.24 wabt
+          sudo tar -xzf wabt-1.0.31-*.tar.gz
+          sudo mv wabt-1.0.31 wabt
 
       - name: install SGX SDK and necessary libraries
         run: |
@@ -221,19 +223,9 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Build Sample [wasm-c-api]
         run: |
-          mkdir build && cd build
-          cmake .. ${{ matrix.make_options }}
-          cmake --build . --config Release --parallel 4
-          ./callback
-          ./callback_chain
-          ./empty_imports
-          ./global
-          ./hello
-          ./hostref
-          ./memory
-          ./reflect
-          ./table
-          ./trap
+          cmake -S . -B build ${{ matrix.make_options }}
+          cmake --build build --config Release --parallel 4
+          ctest --test-dir build
         working-directory: samples/wasm-c-api
 
   build_samples_others:
@@ -244,11 +236,11 @@ jobs:
         os: [ubuntu-20.04]
         wasi_sdk_release:
           [
-            "https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-12/wasi-sdk-12.0-linux.tar.gz",
+            "https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-19/wasi-sdk-19.0-linux.tar.gz",
           ]
         wabt_release:
           [
-            "https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt/releases/download/1.0.24/wabt-1.0.24-ubuntu.tar.gz",
+            "https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt/releases/download/1.0.31/wabt-1.0.31-ubuntu.tar.gz",
           ]
     steps:
       - name: checkout
@@ -258,15 +250,15 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           cd /opt
           sudo wget ${{ matrix.wasi_sdk_release }}
-          sudo tar -xzf wasi-sdk-12.0-*.tar.gz
-          sudo mv wasi-sdk-12.0 wasi-sdk
+          sudo tar -xzf wasi-sdk-*.tar.gz
+          sudo mv wasi-sdk-19.0 wasi-sdk
 
       - name: download and install wabt
         run: |
           cd /opt
           sudo wget ${{ matrix.wabt_release }}
-          sudo tar -xzf wabt-1.0.24-*.tar.gz
-          sudo mv wabt-1.0.24 wabt
+          sudo tar -xzf wabt-1.0.31-*.tar.gz
+          sudo mv wabt-1.0.31 wabt
 
       - name: install SGX SDK and necessary libraries
         run: |
@@ -334,6 +326,7 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         running_mode: ["classic-interp", "fast-interp", "aot"]
         test_option: ["-x -p -s spec -b -P", "-x -p -s spec -S -b -P"]
+        llvm_cache_key: ["${{ needs.build_llvm_libraries.outputs.cache_key }}"]
         # classic-interp and fast-interp don't support simd
         exclude:
           - running_mode: "classic-interp"
@@ -347,7 +340,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Get LLVM libraries
         if: matrix.running_mode == 'aot'
-        id: cache_llvm
+        id: retrieve_llvm_libs
         uses: actions/cache@v3
         with:
           path: |
@@ -356,10 +349,10 @@ jobs:
             ./core/deps/llvm/build/lib
             ./core/deps/llvm/build/libexec
             ./core/deps/llvm/build/share
-          key: ubuntu-20.04-${{ env.LLVM_CACHE_SUFFIX }}
+          key: ${{ matrix.llvm_cache_key }}
 
       - name: Quit if cache miss
-        if: matrix.running_mode == 'aot' && steps.cache_llvm.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        if: matrix.running_mode == 'aot' && steps.retrieve_llvm_libs.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         run: echo "::error::can not get prebuilt llvm libraries" && exit 1
 
       - name: install SGX SDK and necessary libraries
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release_process.yml b/.github/workflows/release_process.yml
index 824a0823..88f595dd 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release_process.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release_process.yml
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ jobs:
       runner: ubuntu-20.04
       upload_url: ${{ needs.create_release.outputs.upload_url }}
       ver_num: ${{ needs.create_tag.outputs.new_ver}}
-      wasi_sdk_url: https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-12/wasi-sdk-12.0-linux.tar.gz
+      wasi_sdk_url: https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-19/wasi-sdk-19.0-linux.tar.gz
 
   release_wamr_sdk_on_ubuntu_2204:
     needs: [create_tag, create_release]
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ jobs:
       runner: ubuntu-22.04
       upload_url: ${{ needs.create_release.outputs.upload_url }}
       ver_num: ${{ needs.create_tag.outputs.new_ver}}
-      wasi_sdk_url: https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-12/wasi-sdk-12.0-linux.tar.gz
+      wasi_sdk_url: https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-19/wasi-sdk-19.0-linux.tar.gz
 
   release_wamr_sdk_on_macos:
     needs: [create_tag, create_release]
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ jobs:
       runner: macos-latest
       upload_url: ${{ needs.create_release.outputs.upload_url }}
       ver_num: ${{ needs.create_tag.outputs.new_ver}}
-      wasi_sdk_url: https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-12/wasi-sdk-12.0-macos.tar.gz
+      wasi_sdk_url: https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-19/wasi-sdk-19.0-macos.tar.gz
 
   #
   # vscode extension cross-platform
diff --git a/.github/workflows/spec_test_on_nuttx.yml b/.github/workflows/spec_test_on_nuttx.yml
index 03f99f73..bf39c140 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/spec_test_on_nuttx.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/spec_test_on_nuttx.yml
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ jobs:
   build_llvm_libraries:
     uses: ./.github/workflows/build_llvm_libraries.yml
     with:
-      runs-on: "['ubuntu-22.04']"
+      os: "ubuntu-22.04"
+      arch: "ARM RISCV AArch64"
 
   spec_test_on_qemu:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ jobs:
           "-t aot",
           "-t aot -X"
         ]
+        llvm_cache_key: [ "${{ needs.build_llvm_libraries.outputs.cache_key }}" ]
     steps:
       - name: Install Utilities
         run: |
@@ -72,7 +74,7 @@ jobs:
           path: apps/interpreters/wamr/wamr
 
       - name: Get LLVM libraries
-        id: cache_llvm
+        id: retrieve_llvm_libs
         uses: actions/cache@v3
         with:
           path: |
@@ -81,10 +83,10 @@ jobs:
             ./core/deps/llvm/build/lib
             ./core/deps/llvm/build/libexec
             ./core/deps/llvm/build/share
-          key:  ${{ matrix.os }}-${{ env.LLVM_CACHE_SUFFIX }}
+          key: ${{ matrix.llvm_cache_key }}
 
       - name: Quit if cache miss
-        if: steps.cache_llvm.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        if: steps.retrieve_llvm_libs.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         run: echo "::error::can not get prebuilt llvm libraries" && exit 1
 
       - name: Copy LLVM
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index a7abd7c1..8b4dce9b 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -32,3 +32,6 @@ samples/socket-api/wasm-src/inc/pthread.h
 **/__pycache__
 
 tests/benchmarks/coremark/coremark*
+
+samples/workload/include/**
+!samples/workload/include/.gitkeep
diff --git a/build-scripts/build_llvm.py b/build-scripts/build_llvm.py
index bc0daf1f..dd211f30 100755
--- a/build-scripts/build_llvm.py
+++ b/build-scripts/build_llvm.py
@@ -21,28 +21,31 @@ def clone_llvm(dst_dir, llvm_repo, llvm_branch):
     llvm_dir = dst_dir.joinpath("llvm").resolve()
 
     if not llvm_dir.exists():
-        print(f"Clone llvm to {llvm_dir} ...")
         GIT_CLONE_CMD = f"git clone --depth 1 --branch {llvm_branch} {llvm_repo} llvm"
         subprocess.check_output(shlex.split(GIT_CLONE_CMD), cwd=dst_dir)
-    else:
-        print(f"There is an LLVM local repo in {llvm_dir}, clean and keep using it")
 
     return llvm_dir
 
 
-def build_llvm(llvm_dir, platform, backends, projects):
+def query_llvm_version(llvm_dir):
+    GIT_LOG_CMD = f"git log --format=format:'%h' -1"
+    return subprocess.check_output(
+        shlex.split(GIT_LOG_CMD), cwd=llvm_dir, universal_newlines=True, text=True
+    )
+
+
+def build_llvm(llvm_dir, platform, backends, projects, use_clang=False):
     LLVM_COMPILE_OPTIONS = [
         '-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING="Release"',
         "-DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=ON",
         "-DLLVM_APPEND_VC_REV:BOOL=ON",
-        "-DLLVM_BUILD_BENCHMARKS:BOOL=OFF",
-        "-DLLVM_BUILD_DOCS:BOOL=OFF",
         "-DLLVM_BUILD_EXAMPLES:BOOL=OFF",
         "-DLLVM_BUILD_LLVM_DYLIB:BOOL=OFF",
         "-DLLVM_BUILD_TESTS:BOOL=OFF",
-        "-DLLVM_CCACHE_BUILD:BOOL=OFF",
+        "-DLLVM_CCACHE_BUILD:BOOL=ON",
         "-DLLVM_ENABLE_BINDINGS:BOOL=OFF",
         "-DLLVM_ENABLE_IDE:BOOL=OFF",
+        "-DLLVM_ENABLE_LIBEDIT=OFF",
         "-DLLVM_ENABLE_TERMINFO:BOOL=OFF",
         "-DLLVM_ENABLE_ZLIB:BOOL=OFF",
         "-DLLVM_INCLUDE_BENCHMARKS:BOOL=OFF",
@@ -54,6 +57,18 @@ def build_llvm(llvm_dir, platform, backends, projects):
         "-DLLVM_OPTIMIZED_TABLEGEN:BOOL=ON",
     ]
 
+    # use clang/clang++/lld. but macos doesn't support lld
+    if not sys.platform.startswith("darwin") and use_clang:
+        if shutil.which("clang") and shutil.which("clang++") and shutil.which("lld"):
+            os.environ["CC"] = "clang"
+            os.environ["CXX"] = "clang++"
+            LLVM_COMPILE_OPTIONS.append('-DLLVM_USE_LINKER:STRING="lld"')
+            print("Use the clang toolchain")
+        else:
+            print("Can not find clang, clang++ and lld, keep using the gcc toolchain")
+    else:
+        print("Use the gcc toolchain")
+
     LLVM_EXTRA_COMPILE_OPTIONS = {
         "arc": [
             '-DLLVM_EXPERIMENTAL_TARGETS_TO_BUILD:STRING="ARC"',
@@ -99,8 +114,10 @@ def build_llvm(llvm_dir, platform, backends, projects):
 
     lib_llvm_core_library = build_dir.joinpath("lib/libLLVMCore.a").resolve()
     if lib_llvm_core_library.exists():
-        print(f"Please remove {build_dir} manually and try again")
-        return build_dir
+        print(
+            f"It has already been fully compiled. If want to a re-build, please remove {build_dir} manually and try again"
+        )
+        return None
 
     compile_options = " ".join(
         LLVM_COMPILE_OPTIONS
@@ -119,10 +136,11 @@ def build_llvm(llvm_dir, platform, backends, projects):
             CONFIG_CMD += " -G'Unix Makefiles'"
         else:
             CONFIG_CMD += " -A x64"
-    print(f"{CONFIG_CMD}")
+    else:
+        CONFIG_CMD += " -G'Ninja'"
     subprocess.check_call(shlex.split(CONFIG_CMD), cwd=build_dir)
 
-    BUILD_CMD = f"cmake --build . --target package --parallel {os.cpu_count()}" + (
+    BUILD_CMD = "cmake --build . --target package" + (
         " --config Release" if "windows" == platform else ""
     )
     subprocess.check_call(shlex.split(BUILD_CMD), cwd=build_dir)
@@ -133,23 +151,25 @@ def build_llvm(llvm_dir, platform, backends, projects):
 def repackage_llvm(llvm_dir):
     build_dir = llvm_dir.joinpath("./build").resolve()
 
-    packs = [f for f in build_dir.glob("LLVM-13*.tar.gz")]
+    packs = [f for f in build_dir.glob("LLVM-*.tar.gz")]
     if len(packs) > 1:
-        raise Exception("Find more than one LLVM-13*.tar.gz")
+        raise Exception("Find more than one LLVM-*.tar.gz")
 
     if not packs:
         return
 
     llvm_package = packs[0].name
-    # mv build/LLVM-13.0.0*.gz .
+    # mv build/LLVM-*.gz .
     shutil.move(str(build_dir.joinpath(llvm_package).resolve()), str(llvm_dir))
     # rm -r build
     shutil.rmtree(str(build_dir))
     # mkdir build
     build_dir.mkdir()
-    # tar xf ./LLVM-13.0.0-*.tar.gz --strip-components=1 --directory=build
+    # tar xf ./LLVM-*.tar.gz --strip-components=1 --directory=build
     CMD = f"tar xf {llvm_dir.joinpath(llvm_package).resolve()} --strip-components=1 --directory={build_dir}"
     subprocess.check_call(shlex.split(CMD), cwd=llvm_dir)
+    # rm ./LLVM-1*.gz
+    os.remove(llvm_dir.joinpath(llvm_package).resolve())
 
 
 def main():
@@ -184,8 +204,17 @@ def main():
         choices=["clang", "lldb"],
         help="identify extra LLVM projects, separate by space, like '--project clang lldb'",
     )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--llvm-ver",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="return the version info of generated llvm libraries",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--use-clang",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="use clang instead of gcc",
+    )
     options = parser.parse_args()
-    print(f"options={options}")
 
     # if the "platform" is not identified in the command line option,
     # detect it
@@ -199,12 +228,10 @@ def main():
     else:
         platform = options.platform
 
-    print(f"========== Build LLVM for {platform} ==========\n")
-
     llvm_repo_and_branch = {
         "arc": {
             "repo": "https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project.git",
-            "branch": "release/13.x",
+            "branch": "release/15.x",
         },
         "xtensa": {
             "repo": "https://github.com/espressif/llvm-project.git",
@@ -212,7 +239,7 @@ def main():
         },
         "default": {
             "repo": "https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project.git",
-            "branch": "release/13.x",
+            "branch": "release/15.x",
         },
     }
 
@@ -225,19 +252,22 @@ def main():
     deps_dir = current_dir.joinpath("../core/deps").resolve()
 
     try:
-        print(f"==================== CLONE LLVM ====================")
         llvm_info = llvm_repo_and_branch.get(platform, llvm_repo_and_branch["default"])
         llvm_dir = clone_llvm(deps_dir, llvm_info["repo"], llvm_info["branch"])
 
-        print()
-        print(f"==================== BUILD LLVM ====================")
-        build_llvm(llvm_dir, platform, options.arch, options.project)
+        if options.llvm_ver:
+            commit_hash = query_llvm_version(llvm_dir)
+            print(commit_hash)
+            return commit_hash is not None
 
-        print()
-        print(f"==================== PACKAGE LLVM ====================")
-        repackage_llvm(llvm_dir)
+        if (
+            build_llvm(
+                llvm_dir, platform, options.arch, options.project, options.use_clang
+            )
+            is not None
+        ):
+            repackage_llvm(llvm_dir)
 
-        print()
         return True
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
         return False
diff --git a/doc/build_wasm_app.md b/doc/build_wasm_app.md
index a10a1a4c..40f1b89d 100644
--- a/doc/build_wasm_app.md
+++ b/doc/build_wasm_app.md
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@
 Prepare WASM building environments
 ==================================
 
-For C and C++, WASI-SDK version 12.0+ is the major tool supported by WAMR to build WASM applications. Also, we can use [Emscripten SDK (EMSDK)](https://github.com/emscripten-core/emsdk), but it is not recommended. And there are some other compilers such as the standard clang compiler, which might also work [here](./other_wasm_compilers.md).
+For C and C++, WASI-SDK version 19.0+ is the major tool supported by WAMR to build WASM applications. Also, we can use [Emscripten SDK (EMSDK)](https://github.com/emscripten-core/emsdk), but it is not recommended. And there are some other compilers such as the standard clang compiler, which might also work [here](./other_wasm_compilers.md).
 
 To install WASI SDK, please download the [wasi-sdk release](https://github.com/CraneStation/wasi-sdk/releases) and extract the archive to default path `/opt/wasi-sdk`.
 
 The official *wasi-sdk release* doesn't fully support *latest 128-bit SIMD spec* yet. WAMR provides a script in [build-wasi-sdk](../test-tools/build-wasi-sdk/) to generate
-another wasi-sdk with *llvm-13* from source code and installs it at *../test-tools/wasi-sdk*. If you plan to build WASM applications with *latest 128-bit SIMD*, please use it instead of the official release.
+another wasi-sdk with *llvm-15* from source code and installs it at *../test-tools/wasi-sdk*. If you plan to build WASM applications with *latest 128-bit SIMD*, please use it instead of the official release.
 
 And [sample workloads](../samples/workload) are using the self-compiled wasi-sdk.
 
diff --git a/samples/wasm-c-api/CMakeLists.txt b/samples/wasm-c-api/CMakeLists.txt
index a6494624..e2be3b8f 100644
--- a/samples/wasm-c-api/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/samples/wasm-c-api/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -136,26 +136,13 @@ include (${SHARED_DIR}/utils/uncommon/shared_uncommon.cmake)
 
 set(MM_UTIL src/utils/multi_module_utils.c)
 # build executable for each .c
-set(EXAMPLES
-  callback
-  callback_chain
-  clone
-  empty_imports
-  global
-  hello
-  hostref
-  memory
-  reflect
-  table
-  threads
-  trap
-)
-
-if(WAMR_BUILD_JIT AND WAMR_BUILD_LAZY_JIT)
-  if((${WAMR_BUILD_JIT} EQUAL 1) AND (${WAMR_BUILD_LAZY_JIT} EQUAL 1))
-    list(APPEND EXAMPLES serialize)
-  endif()
-endif()
+list(APPEND EXAMPLES callback callback_chain empty_imports global hello hostref memory reflect table trap)
+# FIXME enable both in the future
+#list(APPEND EXAMPLES clone threads)
+# FIXME
+# if(WAMR_BUILD_JIT EQUAL 1 AND WAMR_BUILD_LAZY_JIT EQUAL 0)
+#     list(APPEND EXAMPLES serialize)
+# endif()
 
 check_pie_supported()
 
diff --git a/samples/wasm-c-api/README.md b/samples/wasm-c-api/README.md
index 51b8642a..b2327670 100644
--- a/samples/wasm-c-api/README.md
+++ b/samples/wasm-c-api/README.md
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ Before staring, we need to download and intall [WABT](https://github.com/WebAsse
 
 ``` shell
 $ cd /opt
-$ wget https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt/releases/download/1.0.19/wabt-1.0.19-ubuntu.tar.gz
-$ tar -xzf wabt-1.0.19-ubuntu.tar.gz
-$ mv wabt-1.0.19 wabt
+$ wget https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt/releases/download/1.0.31/wabt-1.0.31-ubuntu.tar.gz
+$ tar -xzf wabt-1.0.31-ubuntu.tar.gz
+$ mv wabt-1.0.31 wabt
 ```
 
 By default, all samples are compiled and run in "interpreter" mode.
@@ -47,4 +47,4 @@ $ ./global
 $ ...
 $ ./callback
 $ ...
-```
\ No newline at end of file
+```
diff --git a/samples/workload/CMakeLists.txt b/samples/workload/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5e5dca28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/workload/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2019 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+
+cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.14)
+
+project(wasm_workloads)
+
+#######################################
+add_subdirectory(bwa)
+add_subdirectory(meshoptimizer)
+add_subdirectory(wasm-av1)
+
+#######################################
+include(ExternalProject)
+
+################ iwasm ################
+ExternalProject_Add(iwasm
+  PREFIX
+    iwasm-build
+  BUILD_ALWAYS
+    YES
+  SOURCE_DIR
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../product-mini/platforms/linux
+  CONFIGURE_COMMAND
+    ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -S ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../product-mini/platforms/linux -B build -DWAMR_BUILD_LIBC_EMCC=1
+  BUILD_COMMAND
+    ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build build
+  INSTALL_COMMAND
+    # FIXME: replace with --install
+    ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_if_different
+      ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/iwasm-build/src/iwasm-build/build/iwasm
+      ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/iwasm
+)
+
+################ wamrc ################
+ExternalProject_Add(wamrc
+  PREFIX
+    wamrc-build
+  BUILD_ALWAYS
+    YES
+  SOURCE_DIR
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../wamr-compiler
+  CONFIGURE_COMMAND
+    ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -S ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../wamr-compiler -B build
+  BUILD_COMMAND
+    ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build build
+  INSTALL_COMMAND
+    # FIXME: replace with --install
+    ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_if_different
+      ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/wamrc-build/src/wamrc-build/build/wamrc
+      ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/wamrc
+)
+
+################ .aot ################
+add_custom_target(
+  bwa_to_aot
+  ALL
+  DEPENDS
+    bwa wamrc
+  COMMAND
+    ./wamrc -o bwa.aot ./bwa/bwa.wasm
+  WORKING_DIRECTORY
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
+)
+
+add_custom_target(
+  codecbench_to_aot
+  ALL
+  DEPENDS
+    codecbench wamrc
+  COMMAND
+    ./wamrc -o codecbench.aot ./meshoptimizer/codecbench.wasm
+  WORKING_DIRECTORY
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
+)
+
+add_custom_target(
+  av1_to_aot
+  ALL
+  DEPENDS
+    av1 wamrc
+  COMMAND
+    ./wamrc -o testavx.aot ./wasm-av1/testavx.opt.wasm
+  WORKING_DIRECTORY
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
+)
+
+################ smoking test ################
+include(CTest)
+
+add_test(
+  NAME
+    run_bwa
+  COMMAND
+    ./iwasm --dir=. ./bwa.aot index ./bwa/hs38DH-extra.fa
+  WORKING_DIRECTORY
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
+)
+
+add_test(
+  NAME
+    run_codecbench
+  COMMAND
+    ./iwasm codecbench.aot
+  WORKING_DIRECTORY
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
+)
+
+add_test(
+  NAME
+    run_av1
+  COMMAND
+    ./iwasm --dir=. testavx.aot ./wasm-av1/elephants_dream_480p24.ivf
+  WORKING_DIRECTORY
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
+)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/samples/workload/README.md b/samples/workload/README.md
index dd94e05c..0e6a3a41 100644
--- a/samples/workload/README.md
+++ b/samples/workload/README.md
@@ -1,41 +1,30 @@
-All workloads have similar requirment of software dependencies, including
-**emsdk**, **wabt** and **binaryen**
+All workloads have similar requirment of software dependencies, including **emsdk** and **binaryen**
 
-> There might be slight differences when using MacOS and other Linux distro than Ubuntu. This document only target
-Ubuntu 18.04 as example.
+> There might be slight differences when using MacOS and other Linux distro than Ubuntu. This document targets
+Ubuntu 20.04 as an example.
 
 ## Installation instructions
 
-use [preparation.sh](./preparation.sh) to install all dependencies before compiling any workload.
+use [preparation.sh](./preparation.sh) to install all dependencies before compiling any workload. Or use [*vscode DevContainer*](../../.devcontainer/)
 
-for details, the script includes below steps:
-
-- **wabt**. Install
-  [latest release](https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt/releases/download/1.0.23/wabt-1.0.23-ubuntu.tar.gz)
-  to */opt/wabt*
-
-``` bash
-$ wget https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt/releases/download/${WABT_VER}/${WABT_FILE}
-$ tar zxf ${WABT_FILE} -C /opt
-$ ln -sf /opt/wabt-${WABT_VER} /opt/wabt
-```
+The script installs below software:
 
 - **emsdk**. Refer to [the guide](https://emscripten.org/docs/getting_started/downloads.html). Don't forget to activate
   emsdk and set up environment variables. Verify it with `echo ${EMSDK}`. Please be sure to install and activate the building
-  of 2.0.26
+  of 3.0.0
 
 ``` bash
 $ cd /opt
 $ git clone https://github.com/emscripten-core/emsdk.git
 $ cd emsdk
 $ git pull
-$ ./emsdk install 2.0.26
-$ ./emsdk activate 2.0.26
+$ ./emsdk install 3.0.0
+$ ./emsdk activate 3.0.0
 $ echo "source /opt/emsdk/emsdk_env.sh" >> "${HOME}"/.bashrc
 ```
 
 - **binaryen**. Install
-  [latest release](https://github.com/WebAssembly/binaryen/releases/download/version_101/binaryen-version_101-x86_64-linux.tar.gz)
+  [latest release](https://github.com/WebAssembly/binaryen/releases/download/version_111/binaryen-version_111-x86_64-linux.tar.gz)
   to */opt/binaryen*
 
 ``` bash
diff --git a/samples/workload/XNNPACK/CMakeLists.txt b/samples/workload/XNNPACK/CMakeLists.txt
index 3f67367a..532544f9 100644
--- a/samples/workload/XNNPACK/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/samples/workload/XNNPACK/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -15,8 +15,9 @@ ExternalProject_Add(xnnpack
     GIT_PROGRESS   ON
     SOURCE_DIR     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/xnnpack
     UPDATE_COMMAND git checkout .
-                   && git reset --hard 4d738aef36872669e4bba05a4b259149ba8e62e1
-                   && cmake -E copy ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/benchmark.patch ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/xnnpack/third_party
+                   && git reset --hard 4570a7151aa4f3e57eca14a575eeff6bb13e26be
+                   && cmake -E copy ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/xnnpack/google3/third_party/XNNPACK/microkernels.bzl
+                      ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/xnnpack/
                    && git apply ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/xnnpack.patch
     CONFIGURE_COMMAND ""
     # grep xnnpack_benchmark -A 1 BUILD.bazel \
@@ -24,70 +25,123 @@ ExternalProject_Add(xnnpack
     #   | awk '{print $3}' \
     #   | sed -e 's/\"//g' -e 's/,//g' -e 's/^/\/\/:/g'
     BUILD_COMMAND  cd ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/xnnpack
-                   && bazel --output_user_root=build_user_output build -c opt --config=wasm
+                   && bazel --output_user_root=build-user-output build -c opt --config=wasm
                        //:qs8_dwconv_bench.wasm
+                       //:qs8_f32_vcvt_bench.wasm
                        //:qs8_gemm_bench.wasm
                        //:qs8_requantization_bench.wasm
                        //:qs8_vadd_bench.wasm
                        //:qs8_vaddc_bench.wasm
+                       //:qs8_vcvt_bench.wasm
+                       //:qs8_vlrelu_bench.wasm
+                       //:qs8_vmul_bench.wasm
+                       //:qs8_vmulc_bench.wasm
+                       //:qu8_f32_vcvt_bench.wasm
                        //:qu8_gemm_bench.wasm
                        //:qu8_requantization_bench.wasm
                        //:qu8_vadd_bench.wasm
                        //:qu8_vaddc_bench.wasm
+                       //:qu8_vcvt_bench.wasm
+                       //:qu8_vlrelu_bench.wasm
+                       //:qu8_vmul_bench.wasm
+                       //:qu8_vmulc_bench.wasm
+                       //:bf16_gemm_bench.wasm
                        //:f16_igemm_bench.wasm
                        //:f16_gemm_bench.wasm
+                       //:f16_raddstoreexpminusmax_bench.wasm
                        //:f16_spmm_bench.wasm
-                       //:f16_vrelu_bench.wasm
+                       //:f16_vsigmoid_bench.wasm
+                       //:f16_f32_vcvt_bench.wasm
                        //:f32_igemm_bench.wasm
                        //:f32_conv_hwc_bench.wasm
+                       //:f16_conv_hwc2chw_bench.wasm
+                       //:f16_gavgpool_cw_bench.wasm
+                       //:f32_gavgpool_cw_bench.wasm
                        //:f32_conv_hwc2chw_bench.wasm
                        //:f16_dwconv_bench.wasm
                        //:f32_dwconv_bench.wasm
                        //:f32_dwconv2d_chw_bench.wasm
+                       //:f16_dwconv2d_chw_bench.wasm
+                       //:f32_f16_vcvt_bench.wasm
+                       //:xx_transpose_bench.wasm
+                       //:x8_transpose_bench.wasm
+                       //:x16_transpose_bench.wasm
+                       //:x24_transpose_bench.wasm
+                       //:x32_transpose_bench.wasm
+                       //:x64_transpose_bench.wasm
                        //:f32_gemm_bench.wasm
+                       //:f32_qs8_vcvt_bench.wasm
+                       //:f32_qu8_vcvt_bench.wasm
                        //:f32_raddexpminusmax_bench.wasm
                        //:f32_raddextexp_bench.wasm
                        //:f32_raddstoreexpminusmax_bench.wasm
                        //:f32_rmax_bench.wasm
                        //:f32_spmm_bench.wasm
                        //:f32_softmax_bench.wasm
+                       //:f16_velu_bench.wasm
                        //:f32_velu_bench.wasm
                        //:f32_vhswish_bench.wasm
+                       //:f32_vlrelu_bench.wasm
                        //:f32_vrelu_bench.wasm
                        //:f32_vscaleexpminusmax_bench.wasm
                        //:f32_vscaleextexp_bench.wasm
                        //:f32_vsigmoid_bench.wasm
+                       //:f16_vsqrt_bench.wasm
                        //:f32_vsqrt_bench.wasm
                        //:f32_im2col_gemm_bench.wasm
                        //:rounding_bench.wasm
+                       //:s16_rmaxabs_bench.wasm
+                       //:s16_window_bench.wasm
+                       //:u32_filterbank_accumulate_bench.wasm
+                       //:u32_filterbank_subtract_bench.wasm
+                       //:u32_vlog_bench.wasm
+                       //:u64_u32_vsqrtshift_bench.wasm
+                       //:i16_vlshift_bench.wasm
+                       //:cs16_vsquareabs_bench.wasm
+                       //:cs16_bfly4_bench.wasm
+                       //:cs16_fftr_bench.wasm
+                       //:x8_lut_bench.wasm
+                       //:abs_bench.wasm
                        //:average_pooling_bench.wasm
                        //:bankers_rounding_bench.wasm
                        //:ceiling_bench.wasm
                        //:channel_shuffle_bench.wasm
+                       //:convert_bench.wasm
                        //:convolution_bench.wasm
                        //:deconvolution_bench.wasm
                        //:elu_bench.wasm
                        //:floor_bench.wasm
                        //:global_average_pooling_bench.wasm
                        //:hardswish_bench.wasm
+                       //:leaky_relu_bench.wasm
                        //:max_pooling_bench.wasm
+                       //:negate_bench.wasm
                        //:sigmoid_bench.wasm
                        //:prelu_bench.wasm
                        //:softmax_bench.wasm
+                       //:square_bench.wasm
                        //:square_root_bench.wasm
                        //:truncation_bench.wasm
+                       //:f16_gemm_e2e_bench.wasm
                        //:f32_dwconv_e2e_bench.wasm
                        //:f32_gemm_e2e_bench.wasm
                        //:qs8_dwconv_e2e_bench.wasm
                        //:qs8_gemm_e2e_bench.wasm
+                       //:qu8_gemm_e2e_bench.wasm
                        //:qu8_dwconv_e2e_bench.wasm
                        //:end2end_bench.wasm
+                       //:f16_exp_ulp_eval.wasm
+                       //:f16_expminus_ulp_eval.wasm
+                       //:f16_expm1minus_ulp_eval.wasm
+                       //:f16_sigmoid_ulp_eval.wasm
+                       //:f16_sqrt_ulp_eval.wasm
                        //:f32_exp_ulp_eval.wasm
                        //:f32_expminus_ulp_eval.wasm
                        //:f32_expm1minus_ulp_eval.wasm
                        //:f32_extexp_ulp_eval.wasm
                        //:f32_sigmoid_ulp_eval.wasm
                        //:f32_sqrt_ulp_eval.wasm
+                       //:f32_tanh_ulp_eval.wasm
     INSTALL_COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_directory
                       ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/xnnpack/bazel-out/wasm-opt/bin/
                       ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/wasm-opt
diff --git a/samples/workload/XNNPACK/README.md b/samples/workload/XNNPACK/README.md
index f6a20729..7984d9ce 100644
--- a/samples/workload/XNNPACK/README.md
+++ b/samples/workload/XNNPACK/README.md
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Firstly please build iwasm with simd, libc-emcc and lib-pthread support:
 ``` bash
 $ cd <wamr-dir>/product-mini/platforms/linux/
 $ mkdir build && cd build
-$ cmake .. -DWAMR_BUILD_SIMD=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_LIBC_EMCC=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_LIB_PTHREAD=1
+$ cmake .. -DWAMR_BUILD_LIBC_EMCC=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_LIB_PTHREAD=1
 $ make
 ```
 
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ Then compile wasm file to aot file and run:
 
 ``` shell
 $ cd <wamr-dir>/samples/workload/XNNPACK/xnnpack/bazel-bin
-$ wamrc --enable-simd -o average_pooling_bench.aot average_pooling_bench.wasm  (or other wasm files)
+$ wamrc -o average_pooling_bench.aot average_pooling_bench.wasm  (or other wasm files)
 $ iwasm average_pooling_bench.aot
 ```
 
diff --git a/samples/workload/XNNPACK/build_workload.sh b/samples/workload/XNNPACK/build_workload.sh
deleted file mode 120000
index a31afa92..00000000
--- a/samples/workload/XNNPACK/build_workload.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-../docker/build_workload.sh
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/samples/workload/XNNPACK/xnnpack.patch b/samples/workload/XNNPACK/xnnpack.patch
index 7eed678b..f7d0a01d 100644
--- a/samples/workload/XNNPACK/xnnpack.patch
+++ b/samples/workload/XNNPACK/xnnpack.patch
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 diff --git a/.bazelrc b/.bazelrc
-index ec740f38..29f9d56e 100644
+index 688279da1..376996885 100644
 --- a/.bazelrc
 +++ b/.bazelrc
-@@ -49,4 +49,9 @@ build:ios_fat --watchos_cpus=armv7k
+@@ -53,4 +53,9 @@ build:ios_fat --watchos_cpus=armv7k
  build:macos --apple_platform_type=macos
  
  build:macos_arm64 --config=macos
@@ -11,42 +11,26 @@ index ec740f38..29f9d56e 100644
 +build:macos_arm64 --cpu=darwin_arm64
 +
 +build:wasm --cpu=wasm
-+build:wasm --copt=-msimd128
++build:wasm --features=wasm_simd
 +build:wasm --crosstool_top=@emsdk//emscripten_toolchain:everything
 +build:wasm --host_crosstool_top=@bazel_tools//tools/cpp:toolchain
-diff --git a/BUILD.bazel b/BUILD.bazel
-index 3fc8139f..c893356d 100644
---- a/BUILD.bazel
-+++ b/BUILD.bazel
-@@ -11988,7 +11988,6 @@ config_setting(
-     values = {
-         "crosstool_top": "@emsdk//emscripten_toolchain:everything",
-         "cpu": "wasm",
--        "copt": "-msimd128",
-         "copt": "-mrelaxed-simd",
-     },
- )
 diff --git a/WORKSPACE b/WORKSPACE
-index c58e76b6..30934678 100644
+index cd8960ffa..5d3e685f4 100644
 --- a/WORKSPACE
 +++ b/WORKSPACE
-@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ http_archive(
-     name = "com_google_benchmark",
-     strip_prefix = "benchmark-master",
-     urls = ["https://github.com/google/benchmark/archive/master.zip"],
-+    patches = ["@//third_party:benchmark.patch"],
- )
- 
- # FP16 library, used for half-precision conversions
-@@ -84,6 +85,19 @@ http_archive(
-    ],
+@@ -92,8 +92,25 @@ http_archive(
+     ],
  )
  
++load("@bazel_tools//tools/build_defs/repo:http.bzl", "http_archive")
 +http_archive(
-+  name = "emsdk",
-+  strip_prefix = "emsdk-2.0.26/bazel",
-+  url = "https://github.com/emscripten-core/emsdk/archive/refs/tags/2.0.26.tar.gz",
-+  sha256 = "79e7166aa8eaae6e52cef1363b2d8db795d03684846066bc51f9dcf905dd58ad",
++    name = "emsdk",
++    # Use emsdk-3.0.0 since the larger version may:
++    #   - compress the wasm file into a tar file but not directly generate wasm file
++    #   - generate incomplete implementation of libc API, e.g. throw exception in getentropy
++    strip_prefix = "emsdk-3.0.0/bazel",
++    url = "https://github.com/emscripten-core/emsdk/archive/refs/tags/3.0.0.tar.gz",
++    sha256 = "a41dccfd15be9e85f923efaa0ac21943cbab77ec8d39e52f25eca1ec61a9ac9e"
 +)
 +
 +load("@emsdk//:deps.bzl", emsdk_deps = "deps")
@@ -56,13 +40,17 @@ index c58e76b6..30934678 100644
 +emsdk_emscripten_deps()
 +
  # Android NDK location and version is auto-detected from $ANDROID_NDK_HOME environment variable
- android_ndk_repository(name = "androidndk")
+-android_ndk_repository(name = "androidndk")
++#android_ndk_repository(name = "androidndk")
  
+ # Android SDK location and API is auto-detected from $ANDROID_HOME environment variable
+-android_sdk_repository(name = "androidsdk")
++#android_sdk_repository(name = "androidsdk")
 diff --git a/build_defs.bzl b/build_defs.bzl
-index fbadb400..e496b78d 100644
+index b8217a18d..da232966e 100644
 --- a/build_defs.bzl
 +++ b/build_defs.bzl
-@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ def xnnpack_benchmark(name, srcs, copts = [], deps = [], tags = []):
+@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ def xnnpack_benchmark(name, srcs, copts = [], deps = [], tags = []):
              explicitly specified.
      """
      native.cc_binary(
@@ -72,7 +60,7 @@ index fbadb400..e496b78d 100644
          copts = xnnpack_std_cxxopts() + [
              "-Iinclude",
 diff --git a/emscripten.bzl b/emscripten.bzl
-index 130d5f16..2696ad54 100644
+index f1557a7b1..7f964a094 100644
 --- a/emscripten.bzl
 +++ b/emscripten.bzl
 @@ -25,12 +25,19 @@ def xnnpack_emscripten_benchmark_linkopts():
@@ -84,7 +72,7 @@ index 130d5f16..2696ad54 100644
 -        "-s EXIT_RUNTIME=1",
 +        "-s ERROR_ON_UNDEFINED_SYMBOLS=0",
          "-s ALLOW_MEMORY_GROWTH=1",
-         "-s TOTAL_MEMORY=445644800",  # 425M
+         "-s TOTAL_MEMORY=536870912",  # 512M
 -        "--pre-js $(location :preamble.js.lds)",
 +        "-s USE_PTHREADS=0",
 +        "-s STANDALONE_WASM=1",
@@ -99,11 +87,33 @@ index 130d5f16..2696ad54 100644
      ]
  
  def xnnpack_emscripten_deps():
+diff --git a/src/log.c b/src/log.c
+index 5715f2f85..4b3e4261b 100644
+--- a/src/log.c
++++ b/src/log.c
+@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
+ #endif
+ 
+ #if XNN_LOG_TO_STDIO
+-static void xnn_vlog(int output_handle, const char* prefix, size_t prefix_length, const char* format, va_list args) {
++void xnn_vlog(int output_handle, const char* prefix, size_t prefix_length, const char* format, va_list args) {
+   char stack_buffer[XNN_LOG_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
+   char* heap_buffer = NULL;
+   char* out_buffer = &stack_buffer[0];
 diff --git a/third_party/cpuinfo.BUILD b/third_party/cpuinfo.BUILD
-index 128d683e..f6c287c4 100644
+index 1997f4e3a..5e03c43af 100644
 --- a/third_party/cpuinfo.BUILD
 +++ b/third_party/cpuinfo.BUILD
-@@ -343,5 +343,5 @@ config_setting(
+@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ cc_library(
+         "src/arm/midr.h",
+     ],
+     deps = [
+-        "@clog",
++        "//deps/clog"
+     ],
+ )
+ 
+@@ -352,5 +352,5 @@ config_setting(
  
  config_setting(
      name = "emscripten",
diff --git a/samples/workload/bwa/CMakeLists.bwa_wasm.txt b/samples/workload/bwa/CMakeLists.bwa_wasm.txt
index c68b942f..a8d1d882 100644
--- a/samples/workload/bwa/CMakeLists.bwa_wasm.txt
+++ b/samples/workload/bwa/CMakeLists.bwa_wasm.txt
@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 # Copyright (C) 2019 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 
-cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.0)
+cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.14)
 
 project(bwa_wasm C)
 
-include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../cmake/preparation.cmake)
+list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../cmake)
+
+################ dependencies ################
+find_package(Binaryen 111 REQUIRED)
 
 ################ LIBZ ################
 set(LIBZ_SRC_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../libz)
@@ -86,12 +89,6 @@ add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} ${BWA_SOURCE})
 
 set_target_properties(${PROJECT_NAME} PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME bwa.wasm)
 
-target_include_directories(${PROJECT_NAME}
-  PRIVATE
-    ${WASI_SDK_HOME}/share/wasi-sysroot/include/libc/musl
-    ${WASI_SDK_HOME}/share/wasi-sysroot/include/sse
-)
-
 target_compile_definitions(${PROJECT_NAME}
   PRIVATE
     USE_MALLOC_WRAPPERS
@@ -117,7 +114,7 @@ target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} z_wasm wasi-emulated-process-clocks)
 
 add_custom_target(bwa_wasm_opt ALL
   COMMAND
-    ${WASM_OPT} -Oz --enable-simd -o bwa.opt.wasm bwa.wasm
+    ${Binaryen_WASM_OPT} -Oz --enable-simd -o bwa.opt.wasm bwa.wasm
   BYPRODUCTS
     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/bwa.opt.wasm
   WORKING_DIRECTORY
diff --git a/samples/workload/bwa/CMakeLists.txt b/samples/workload/bwa/CMakeLists.txt
index 7f7e3182..731dd4c7 100644
--- a/samples/workload/bwa/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/samples/workload/bwa/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,11 +1,19 @@
 # Copyright (C) 2019 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 
-cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 2.8...3.16)
+cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.14)
 
 project(bwa_wasm)
 
-include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../cmake/preparation.cmake)
+list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../cmake)
+
+################ dependencies ################
+find_package(Python3 REQUIRED)
+find_package(WASISDK 16.0 REQUIRED)
+execute_process(
+  COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/../../../test-tools/pick-up-emscripten-headers/collect_files.py --install ../include --loglevel=ERROR
+  WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}
+)
 
 #######################################
 include(ExternalProject)
@@ -13,7 +21,7 @@ include(ExternalProject)
 ################ libz ################
 ExternalProject_Add(libz_src
   GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/madler/zlib.git
-  GIT_TAG        master
+  GIT_TAG        04f42ceca40f73e2978b50e93806c2a18c1281fc
   GIT_PROGRESS   ON
   GIT_SHALLOW    ON
   SOURCE_DIR     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/libz
@@ -27,7 +35,7 @@ ExternalProject_Add(libz_src
 ################ bwa ################
 ExternalProject_Add(bwa
   GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/lh3/bwa.git
-  GIT_TAG        master
+  GIT_TAG        139f68fc4c3747813783a488aef2adc86626b01b
   GIT_PROGRESS   ON
   GIT_SHALLOW    ON
   SOURCE_DIR     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/bwa
@@ -37,10 +45,29 @@ ExternalProject_Add(bwa
                   && ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/CMakeLists.bwa_wasm.txt CMakeLists.txt
                   && git apply ../bwa.patch
   CONFIGURE_COMMAND  ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
-                       -DWASI_SDK_PREFIX=${WASI_SDK_HOME}
-                       -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=${WASI_SDK_HOME}/share/cmake/wasi-sdk.cmake
-                       -DCMAKE_SYSROOT=${WASI_SDK_HOME}/share/wasi-sysroot
+                       -DWASI_SDK_PREFIX=${WASISDK_HOME}
+                       -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=${WASISDK_TOOLCHAIN}
+                       -DCMAKE_SYSROOT=${WASISDK_SYSROOT}
+                       -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS=-isystem\ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../include/sse\ -isystem\ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../include/libc/musl
                        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/bwa
   BUILD_COMMAND  make bwa_wasm_opt
-  INSTALL_COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy ./bwa.opt.wasm ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bwa.wasm
+  INSTALL_COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_if_different ./bwa.opt.wasm ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/bwa.wasm
 )
+
+################ bwa data ################
+ExternalProject_Add(bwa-kit
+  PREFIX            bwa-kit
+  URL               https://sourceforge.net/projects/bio-bwa/files/bwakit/bwakit-0.7.15_x64-linux.tar.bz2/download
+  URL_HASH          SHA256=0a7b11971bc7916b68e9df35a364afe77cb3000df02ffb3a6fbd1aff9be5878c
+  DOWNLOAD_NAME     bwakit-0.7.15_x64-linux.tar.bz2
+  DOWNLOAD_EXTRACT_TIMESTAMP   ON
+  DOWNLOAD_NO_EXTRACT          OFF
+  DOWNLOAD_NO_PROGRESS         ON
+  UPDATE_COMMAND    ""
+  PATCH_COMMAND     ""
+  CONFIGURE_COMMAND ""
+  BUILD_COMMAND     ""
+  INSTALL_COMMAND   ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_if_different
+                      ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/bwa-kit/src/bwa-kit/resource-GRCh38/hs38DH-extra.fa
+                      ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/hs38DH-extra.fa
+)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/samples/workload/bwa/README.md b/samples/workload/bwa/README.md
index e826bb61..a8fbe3e6 100644
--- a/samples/workload/bwa/README.md
+++ b/samples/workload/bwa/README.md
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ Firstly please build iwasm with simd support:
 ``` shell
 $ cd <wamr dir>/product-mini/platforms/linux/
 $ mkdir build && cd build
-$ cmake .. -DWAMR_BUILD_SIMD=1
+$ cmake ..
 $ make
 ```
 
@@ -41,6 +41,6 @@ Then compile wasm file to aot file and run:
 
 ``` shell
 $ cd <wamr dir>/samples/workload/bwa/build
-$ <wamr dir>/wamr-compiler/build/wamrc --enable-simd -o bwa.aot bwa.wasm
+$ <wamr dir>/wamr-compiler/build/wamrc -o bwa.aot bwa.wasm
 $ <wamr dir>/product-mini/platforms/linux/iwasm --dir=. bwa.aot index hs38DH.fa
 ```
diff --git a/samples/workload/bwa/build_workload.sh b/samples/workload/bwa/build_workload.sh
deleted file mode 120000
index a31afa92..00000000
--- a/samples/workload/bwa/build_workload.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-../docker/build_workload.sh
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/samples/workload/cmake/FindBinaryen.cmake b/samples/workload/cmake/FindBinaryen.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b4a64786
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/workload/cmake/FindBinaryen.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2019 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+
+#
+# Output below variables:
+#   - Binaryen_HOME. the installation location
+#
+
+include(CMakePrintHelpers)
+include(FindPackageHandleStandardArgs)
+
+file(GLOB Binaryen_SEARCH_PATH "/opt/binaryen*")
+find_path(Binaryen_HOME
+  NAMES bin/wasm-opt
+  PATHS ${Binaryen_SEARCH_PATH}
+  NO_CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH
+  NO_SYSTEM_ENVIRONMENT_PATH
+  REQUIRED
+)
+
+execute_process(
+  COMMAND ${Binaryen_HOME}/bin/wasm-opt --version
+  OUTPUT_VARIABLE WASM_OPT_OUTPUT
+  OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE
+)
+
+string(REGEX MATCH version_[0-9]+ Binaryen_VERSION_tmp ${WASM_OPT_OUTPUT})
+string(REGEX MATCH [0-9]+ Binaryen_VERSION ${Binaryen_VERSION_tmp})
+
+#cmake_print_variables(Binaryen_VERSION_tmp Binaryen_VERSION)
+
+find_package_handle_standard_args(Binaryen REQUIRED_VARS Binaryen_HOME VERSION_VAR Binaryen_VERSION)
+
+if(Binaryen_FOUND)
+  mark_as_advanced(Binaryen_SEARCH_PATH)
+  mark_as_advanced(Binaryen_VERSION_tmp)
+  mark_as_advanced(Binaryen_VERSION)
+  mark_as_advanced(WASM_OPT_OUTPUT)
+
+  set(Binaryen_WASM_OPT ${Binaryen_HOME}/bin/wasm-opt)
+else()
+  # TODO: install WASISDK
+endif()
diff --git a/samples/workload/cmake/FindWASISDK.cmake b/samples/workload/cmake/FindWASISDK.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fff8aea4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/workload/cmake/FindWASISDK.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2019 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+
+#
+# Output below variables:
+#   - WASISDK_HOME. the installation location
+#   - WASISDK_SYSROOT. where wasi-sysroot is
+#   - WASISDK_TOOLCHAIN. where wasi-sdk.cmake is
+#
+
+include(CMakePrintHelpers)
+include(FindPackageHandleStandardArgs)
+
+file(GLOB WASISDK_SEARCH_PATH "/opt/wasi-sdk-*")
+find_path(WASISDK_HOME
+  NAMES share/wasi-sysroot
+  PATHS ${WASISDK_SEARCH_PATH}
+  NO_CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH
+  NO_SYSTEM_ENVIRONMENT_PATH
+  REQUIRED
+)
+
+string(REGEX MATCH [0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.*[0-9]* WASISDK_VERSION ${WASISDK_HOME})
+
+#cmake_print_variables(WASISDK_HOME WASISDK_VERSION)
+find_package_handle_standard_args(WASISDK REQUIRED_VARS WASISDK_HOME VERSION_VAR WASISDK_VERSION)
+
+if(WASISDK_FOUND)
+  mark_as_advanced(WASISDK_SEARCH_PATH)
+  mark_as_advanced(WASISDK_VERSION)
+
+  set(WASISDK_CC_COMMAND     ${WASISDK_HOME}/bin/clang)
+  set(WASISDK_CXX_COMMAND    ${WASISDK_HOME}/bin/clang++)
+  set(WASISDK_SYSROOT        ${WASISDK_HOME}/share/wasi-sysroot)
+  set(WASISDK_TOOLCHAIN      ${WASISDK_HOME}/share/cmake/wasi-sdk.cmake)
+else()
+  # TODO: install WASISDK
+endif()
diff --git a/samples/workload/cmake/preparation.cmake b/samples/workload/cmake/preparation.cmake
deleted file mode 100644
index 326943c8..00000000
--- a/samples/workload/cmake/preparation.cmake
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2019 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
-
-#######################################
-include(ExternalProject)
-
-file(REAL_PATH ../../.. WAMR_ROOT
-  BASE_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}
-)
-
-find_path(WASI_SDK_PARENT
-  name wasi-sdk
-  PATHS ${WAMR_ROOT}/test-tools/
-  NO_DEFAULT_PATH
-  NO_CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH
-)
-
-if(NOT WASI_SDK_PARENT)
-  message(FATAL_ERROR
-    "can not find 'wasi-sdk' under ${WAMR_ROOT}/test-tools, "
-    "please run ${WAMR_ROOT}/test-tools/build-wasi-sdk/build_wasi_sdk.py "
-    "to build wasi-sdk and try again"
-  )
-endif()
-
-set(WASI_SDK_HOME ${WASI_SDK_PARENT}/wasi-sdk)
-message(CHECK_START "Detecting WASI-SDK at ${WASI_SDK_HOME}")
-if(EXISTS "${WASI_SDK_HOME}/share/cmake/wasi-sdk.cmake")
-  message(CHECK_PASS "found")
-else()
-  message(CHECK_FAIL "not found")
-endif()
-
-################  BINARYEN ################
-find_program(WASM_OPT
-  NAMES wasm-opt
-  PATHS /opt/binaryen-version_101/bin /opt/binaryen/bin
-  NO_DEFAULT_PATH
-  NO_CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH
-)
-
-if(NOT WASM_OPT)
-  message(FATAL_ERROR
-    "can not find wasm-opt. "
-    "please download it from "
-    "https://github.com/WebAssembly/binaryen/releases/download/version_101/binaryen-version_101-x86_64-linux.tar.gz "
-    "and install it under /opt"
-  )
-endif()
diff --git a/samples/workload/docker/build_workload.sh b/samples/workload/docker/build_workload.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 640cca97..00000000
--- a/samples/workload/docker/build_workload.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-#
-# Copyright (C) 2019 Intel Corporation.  All rights reserved.
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
-#
-
-readonly SCRIPT_PATH=$(dirname "$(realpath "$0")")
-readonly ROOT=$(realpath "${SCRIPT_PATH}"/../../../)
-readonly CURRENT_PATH=$(pwd)
-readonly CURRENT_RELATIVE_ROOT=$(realpath --relative-base ${ROOT} ${CURRENT_PATH})
-readonly VARIANT=$(lsb_release -c | awk '{print $2}')
-
-docker build \
-  --build-arg VARIANT=${VARIANT} \
-  --memory 4G --cpu-quota 50000 \
-  -t wamr_dev_${VARIANT}:0.1 -f "${ROOT}"/.devcontainer/Dockerfile "${ROOT}"/.devcontainer &&
-  docker run --rm -it \
-    --memory 4G \
-    --cpus ".5" \
-    --name workload_build_env \
-    --mount type=bind,source="${ROOT}",target=/workspace \
-    wamr_dev_${VARIANT}:0.1 \
-    /bin/bash -c "\
-      pwd \
-      && pushd ${CURRENT_RELATIVE_ROOT} \
-      && rm -rf build \
-      && mkdir build \
-      && pushd build \
-      && cmake .. \
-      && cmake --build . --config Release \
-      && popd \
-      && popd \
-      && echo 'Go and find out results under ${CURRENT_RELATIVE_ROOT}/build' "
diff --git a/samples/workload/include/.gitkeep b/samples/workload/include/.gitkeep
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
diff --git a/samples/workload/meshoptimizer/CMakeLists.txt b/samples/workload/meshoptimizer/CMakeLists.txt
index 172de8d6..cb490f91 100644
--- a/samples/workload/meshoptimizer/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/samples/workload/meshoptimizer/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,11 +1,19 @@
 # Copyright (C) 2019 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 
-cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.0)
+cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.14)
 
 project(bench-meshoptimizer)
 
-include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../cmake/preparation.cmake)
+list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../cmake)
+
+################ dependencies ################
+find_package(Python3 REQUIRED)
+find_package(WASISDK 16.0 REQUIRED)
+execute_process(
+  COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/../../../test-tools/pick-up-emscripten-headers/collect_files.py --install ../include --loglevel=ERROR
+  WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}
+)
 
 ################  MESHOPTIMIZER  ################
 include(ExternalProject)
@@ -13,7 +21,7 @@ include(ExternalProject)
 ExternalProject_Add(codecbench
   PREFIX codecbench
   GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/zeux/meshoptimizer.git
-  GIT_TAG        master
+  GIT_TAG        f926b288264522e1b331a41b07ba40167f396913
   GIT_SHALLOW    ON
   GIT_PROGRESS   ON
   SOURCE_DIR     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/meshoptimizer
@@ -21,10 +29,10 @@ ExternalProject_Add(codecbench
                    && ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E echo "Applying patch"
                    && git apply ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/codecbench.patch
   CONFIGURE_COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
-                      -DWASI_SDK_PREFIX=${WASI_SDK_HOME}
-                      -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=${WASI_SDK_HOME}/share/cmake/wasi-sdk.cmake
-                      -DCMAKE_SYSROOT=${WASI_SDK_HOME}/share/wasi-sysroot
+                      -DWASI_SDK_PREFIX=${WASISDK_HOME}
+                      -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=${WASISDK_TOOLCHAIN}
+                      -DCMAKE_SYSROOT=${WASISDK_SYSROOT}
                       ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/meshoptimizer
   BUILD_COMMAND  make codecbench
-  INSTALL_COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy ./codecbench.wasm ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/codecbench.wasm
+  INSTALL_COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_if_different ./codecbench.wasm ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/codecbench.wasm
 )
diff --git a/samples/workload/meshoptimizer/README.md b/samples/workload/meshoptimizer/README.md
index ceefb572..466cd875 100644
--- a/samples/workload/meshoptimizer/README.md
+++ b/samples/workload/meshoptimizer/README.md
@@ -44,14 +44,14 @@ Firstly please build iwasm with simd support:
 ``` shell
 $ cd <wamr dir>/product-mini/platforms/linux/
 $ mkdir build && cd build
-$ cmake .. -DWAMR_BUILD_SIMD=1
+$ cmake ..
 $ make
 ```
 
 Then compile wasm file to aot file and run:
 
 ``` shell
-$ <wamr dir>/wamr-compiler/build/wamrc --enable-simd -o codecbench.aot codecbench.wasm
+$ <wamr dir>/wamr-compiler/build/wamrc -o codecbench.aot codecbench.wasm
 $ <wamr dir>/product-mini/platforms/linux/build/iwasm codecbench.aot
 ```
 
diff --git a/samples/workload/meshoptimizer/build_workload.sh b/samples/workload/meshoptimizer/build_workload.sh
deleted file mode 120000
index a31afa92..00000000
--- a/samples/workload/meshoptimizer/build_workload.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-../docker/build_workload.sh
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/samples/workload/preparation.sh b/samples/workload/preparation.sh
index 3f49f0cf..47b11ac5 100755
--- a/samples/workload/preparation.sh
+++ b/samples/workload/preparation.sh
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@
 #
 
 readonly BUILD_CONTENT="/tmp/build_content"
-readonly WABT_VER=1.0.23
+readonly WABT_VER=1.0.31
 readonly WABT_FILE="wabt-${WABT_VER}-ubuntu.tar.gz"
-readonly CMAKE_VER=3.16.2
+readonly CMAKE_VER=3.25.1
 readonly CMAKE_FILE="cmake-${CMAKE_VER}-Linux-x86_64.sh"
-readonly BINARYEN_VER=version_101
+readonly BINARYEN_VER=version_111
 readonly BINARYEN_FILE="binaryen-${BINARYEN_VER}-x86_64-linux.tar.gz"
-readonly BAZEL_VER=3.7.0
+readonly BAZEL_VER=6.0.0
 readonly BAZEL_FILE=bazel-${BAZEL_VER}-installer-linux-x86_64.sh
 
 function DEBUG() {
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ function install_emsdk() {
   git clone https://github.com/emscripten-core/emsdk.git
   cd emsdk
   git pull
-  ./emsdk install 2.0.26
-  ./emsdk activate 2.0.26
+  ./emsdk install 3.1.28
+  ./emsdk activate 3.1.28
   echo "source /opt/emsdk/emsdk_env.sh" >> "${HOME}"/.bashrc
 }
 
diff --git a/samples/workload/tensorflow/build.sh b/samples/workload/tensorflow/build.sh
index 7289e617..d997113f 100755
--- a/samples/workload/tensorflow/build.sh
+++ b/samples/workload/tensorflow/build.sh
@@ -98,11 +98,11 @@ make
 WAMRC_CMD="$(pwd)/wamrc"
 cd ${OUT_DIR}
 if [[ $1 == '--sgx' ]]; then
-    ${WAMRC_CMD} --enable-simd -sgx -o benchmark_model.aot benchmark_model.wasm
+    ${WAMRC_CMD} -sgx -o benchmark_model.aot benchmark_model.wasm
 elif [[  $1 == '--threads' ]]; then
-    ${WAMRC_CMD} --enable-simd --enable-multi-thread -o benchmark_model.aot benchmark_model.wasm
+    ${WAMRC_CMD} --enable-multi-thread -o benchmark_model.aot benchmark_model.wasm
 else
-    ${WAMRC_CMD} --enable-simd -o benchmark_model.aot benchmark_model.wasm
+    ${WAMRC_CMD} -o benchmark_model.aot benchmark_model.wasm
 fi
 
 # 4. build iwasm with pthread and libc_emcc enable
@@ -112,14 +112,14 @@ fi
 if [[ $1 == '--sgx' ]]; then
     cd ${WAMR_PLATFORM_DIR}/linux-sgx
     rm -fr build && mkdir build
-    cd build && cmake .. -DWAMR_BUILD_SIMD=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_LIB_PTHREAD=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_LIBC_EMCC=1
+    cd build && cmake .. -DWAMR_BUILD_LIB_PTHREAD=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_LIBC_EMCC=1
     make
     cd ../enclave-sample
     make
 else
     cd ${WAMR_PLATFORM_DIR}/linux
     rm -fr build && mkdir build
-    cd build && cmake .. -DWAMR_BUILD_SIMD=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_LIB_PTHREAD=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_LIBC_EMCC=1
+    cd build && cmake .. -DWAMR_BUILD_LIB_PTHREAD=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_LIBC_EMCC=1
     make
 fi
 
diff --git a/samples/workload/wasm-av1/CMakeLists.avx_wasm.txt b/samples/workload/wasm-av1/CMakeLists.avx_wasm.txt
index d1149612..409665b3 100644
--- a/samples/workload/wasm-av1/CMakeLists.avx_wasm.txt
+++ b/samples/workload/wasm-av1/CMakeLists.avx_wasm.txt
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 # Copyright (C) 2019 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 
-cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 2.8...3.16)
+cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.14)
 
 project(testavx)
 
-include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../cmake/preparation.cmake)
+list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../cmake)
 
-# a workaround to let aom find our non-public headers
-include_directories(${WASI_SDK_HOME}/share/wasi-sysroot/include/libc/musl)
+################ dependencies ################
+find_package(Binaryen 111 REQUIRED)
 
 ################  AOM  ################
 set(ENABLE_CCACHE ON)
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ add_dependencies(${PROJECT_NAME} aom)
 
 add_custom_target(${PROJECT_NAME}_opt ALL
   COMMAND
-    ${WASM_OPT} -Oz --enable-simd -o ${PROJECT_NAME}.opt.wasm ${PROJECT_NAME}.wasm
+    ${Binaryen_WASM_OPT} -Oz --enable-simd -o ${PROJECT_NAME}.opt.wasm ${PROJECT_NAME}.wasm
   BYPRODUCTS
     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}.opt.wasm
   WORKING_DIRECTORY
diff --git a/samples/workload/wasm-av1/CMakeLists.txt b/samples/workload/wasm-av1/CMakeLists.txt
index 8b1f0df0..6fea31ea 100644
--- a/samples/workload/wasm-av1/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/samples/workload/wasm-av1/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,11 +1,19 @@
 # Copyright (C) 2019 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 
-cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 2.8...3.16)
+cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.14)
 
 project(av1_wasm)
 
-include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../cmake/preparation.cmake)
+list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../cmake)
+
+################ dependencies ################
+find_package(Python3 REQUIRED)
+find_package(WASISDK 16.0 REQUIRED)
+execute_process(
+  COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/../../../test-tools/pick-up-emscripten-headers/collect_files.py --install ../include --loglevel=ERROR
+  WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}
+)
 
 #######################################
 include(ExternalProject)
@@ -23,10 +31,14 @@ ExternalProject_Add(av1
                   && ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/CMakeLists.avx_wasm.txt CMakeLists.txt
                   && git apply ../av1-clang.patch
   CONFIGURE_COMMAND  ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
-                      -DWASI_SDK_PREFIX=${WASI_SDK_HOME}
-                      -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=${WASI_SDK_HOME}/share/cmake/wasi-sdk.cmake
-                      -DCMAKE_SYSROOT=${WASI_SDK_HOME}/share/wasi-sysroot
+                      -DWASI_SDK_PREFIX=${WASISDK_HOME}
+                      -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=${WASISDK_TOOLCHAIN}
+                      -DCMAKE_SYSROOT=${WASISDK_SYSROOT}
+                       -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS=-isystem\ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../include/sse\ -isystem\ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../include/libc/musl
                       ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/av1
   BUILD_COMMAND     make testavx_opt
-  INSTALL_COMMAND   ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy testavx.opt.wasm ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/testavx.wasm
+  INSTALL_COMMAND   ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_if_different
+                      testavx.opt.wasm
+                      ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/av1/third_party/samples/elephants_dream_480p24.ivf
+                      ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
 )
diff --git a/samples/workload/wasm-av1/README.md b/samples/workload/wasm-av1/README.md
index e7a92f2a..2166fe6a 100644
--- a/samples/workload/wasm-av1/README.md
+++ b/samples/workload/wasm-av1/README.md
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ Firstly please build iwasm with simd support:
 ``` shell
 $ cd <wamr dir>/product-mini/platforms/linux/
 $ mkdir build && cd build
-$ cmake .. -DWAMR_BUILD_SIMD=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_LIBC_EMCC=1
+$ cmake .. -DWAMR_BUILD_LIBC_EMCC=1
 $ make
 ```
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ Then compile wasm file to aot file and run:
 
 ``` shell
 $ cd <dir of testavx.wasm>
-$ <wamr dir>/wamr-compiler/build/wamrc --enable-simd -o testavx.aot testavx.wasm
+$ <wamr dir>/wamr-compiler/build/wamrc -o testavx.aot testavx.wasm
 # copy sample data like <wamr dir>/samples/workload/wasm-av1/av1/third_party/samples/elephants_dream_480p24.ivf
 # make sure you declare the access priority of the directory in which the sample data is
 $ <wamr dir>/product-mini/platforms/linux/build/iwasm --dir=. testavx.aot elephants_dream_480p24.ivf
diff --git a/samples/workload/wasm-av1/build.sh b/samples/workload/wasm-av1/build.sh
index 7f82c6c5..efa17eca 100755
--- a/samples/workload/wasm-av1/build.sh
+++ b/samples/workload/wasm-av1/build.sh
@@ -85,12 +85,12 @@ cd build && cmake ..
 make
 # 3.2 compile wasm-av1.wasm to wasm-av1.aot
 cd ${OUT_DIR}
-${WAMRC_CMD} --enable-simd -o testavx.aot testavx.wasm
+${WAMRC_CMD} -o testavx.aot testavx.wasm
 
 # 4. build iwasm with pthread and libc_emcc enable
 cd ${WAMR_PLATFORM_DIR}/linux
 rm -fr build && mkdir build
-cd build && cmake .. -DWAMR_BUILD_SIMD=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_LIB_PTHREAD=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_LIBC_EMCC=1
+cd build && cmake .. -DWAMR_BUILD_LIB_PTHREAD=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_LIBC_EMCC=1
 make
 
 # 5. run wasm-av1 with iwasm
diff --git a/samples/workload/wasm-av1/build_workload.sh b/samples/workload/wasm-av1/build_workload.sh
deleted file mode 120000
index a31afa92..00000000
--- a/samples/workload/wasm-av1/build_workload.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-../docker/build_workload.sh
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/test-tools/build-wasi-sdk/patches/wasi_libc.patch b/test-tools/build-wasi-sdk/patches/wasi_libc.patch
deleted file mode 100644
index e236735b..00000000
--- a/test-tools/build-wasi-sdk/patches/wasi_libc.patch
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-diff --git a/expected/wasm32-wasi/predefined-macros.txt b/expected/wasm32-wasi/predefined-macros.txt
-index c1bb19e..954f3b5 100644
---- a/expected/wasm32-wasi/predefined-macros.txt
-+++ b/expected/wasm32-wasi/predefined-macros.txt
-@@ -3002,6 +3002,8 @@
- #define __alignof_is_defined 1
- #define __bitop(x,i,o) ((x)[(i)/8] o (1<<(i)%8))
- #define __bool_true_false_are_defined 1
-+#define __clang_literal_encoding__ "UTF-8"
-+#define __clang_wide_literal_encoding__ "UTF-32"
- #define __inline inline
- #define __restrict restrict
- #define __tg_complex(fun,x) (__RETCAST_CX(x)( __FLTCX((x)+I) && __IS_FP(x) ? fun ## f (x) : __LDBLCX((x)+I) ? fun ## l (x) : fun(x) ))
diff --git a/test-tools/build-wasi-sdk/patches/wasi_sdk.patch b/test-tools/build-wasi-sdk/patches/wasi_sdk.patch
deleted file mode 100644
index 0fc4caee..00000000
--- a/test-tools/build-wasi-sdk/patches/wasi_sdk.patch
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-diff --git a/version.sh b/version.sh
-index 8e7c44c..ff0d3ba 100755
---- a/version.sh
-+++ b/version.sh
-@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
- #!/usr/bin/env bash
--set -e
--GIT_DESCR=$(git describe --long --candidates=999 --match='wasi-sdk-*' --dirty='+m' --abbrev=12)
--GIT_PACKAGE_VERSION=$(echo $GIT_DESCR | perl -ne 'if(/^wasi-sdk-(\d+)-(\d+)-g([0-9a-f]{7,12})([+]m)?$/) { if($2 == 0) { print "$1.$2$4" } else { print "$1.$2g$3$4" } exit } else { print "could not parse git description"; exit 1 }';)
--echo $GIT_PACKAGE_VERSION
-+#set -e
-+#GIT_DESCR=$(git describe --long --candidates=999 --match='wasi-sdk-*' --dirty='+m' --abbrev=12)
-+#GIT_PACKAGE_VERSION=$(echo $GIT_DESCR | perl -ne 'if(/^wasi-sdk-(\d+)-(\d+)-g([0-9a-f]{7,12})([+]m)?$/) { if($2 == 0) { print "$1.$2$4" } else { print "$1.$2g$3$4" } exit } else { print "could not parse git description"; exit 1 }';)
-+#echo $GIT_PACKAGE_VERSION
-+echo wasi-sdk-13-eng
diff --git a/test-tools/build-wasi-sdk/build_wasi_sdk.py b/test-tools/pick-up-emscripten-headers/collect_files.py
similarity index 50%
rename from test-tools/build-wasi-sdk/build_wasi_sdk.py
rename to test-tools/pick-up-emscripten-headers/collect_files.py
index a87cdef6..7e832145 100755
--- a/test-tools/build-wasi-sdk/build_wasi_sdk.py
+++ b/test-tools/pick-up-emscripten-headers/collect_files.py
@@ -9,68 +9,35 @@ The script operates on such directories and files
 |-- core
 |   `-- deps
 |       |-- emscripten
-|       `-- wasi-sdk
-|           `-- src
-|               |-- llvm-project
-|               `-- wasi-libc
+|-- samples
+|   `-- workloads
+|       |-- include
 `-- test-tools
-    |-- build-wasi-sdk
-    |   |-- build_wasi_sdk.py
-    |   |-- include
-    |   `-- patches
-    `-- wasi-sdk
-        |-- bin
-        |-- lib
-        `-- share
-            `-- wasi-sysroot
+    |-- pick-up-emscripten_headers
+    |   |-- collect_files.py
 """
 
+import argparse
 import hashlib
 import logging
 import os
 import pathlib
-import shlex
 import shutil
-import subprocess
 import sys
 import tarfile
 import tempfile
 import urllib
 import urllib.request
 
-logger = logging.getLogger("build_wasi_sdk")
+logger = logging.getLogger("pick-up-emscripten-headers")
 
 external_repos = {
-    "config": {
-        "sha256": "302e5e7f3c4996976c58efde8b2f28f71d51357e784330eeed738e129300dc33",
-        "store_dir": "core/deps/wasi-sdk/src/config",
-        "strip_prefix": "config-191bcb948f7191c36eefe634336f5fc5c0c4c2be",
-        "url": "https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/config.git/snapshot/config-191bcb948f7191c36eefe634336f5fc5c0c4c2be.tar.gz",
-    },
     "emscripten": {
-        "sha256": "0904a65379aea3ea94087b8c12985b2fee48599b473e3bef914fec2e3941532d",
+        "sha256": "c5524755b785d8f4b83eb3214fdd3ac4b2e1b1a4644df4c63f06e5968f48f90e",
         "store_dir": "core/deps/emscripten",
-        "strip_prefix": "emscripten-2.0.28",
-        "url": "https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/archive/refs/tags/2.0.28.tar.gz",
-    },
-    "llvm-project": {
-        "sha256": "dc5169e51919f2817d06615285e9da6a804f0f881dc55d6247baa25aed3cc143",
-        "store_dir": "core/deps/wasi-sdk/src/llvm-project",
-        "strip_prefix": "llvm-project-34ff6a75f58377f32a5046a29f55c4c0e58bee9e",
-        "url": "https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/archive/34ff6a75f58377f32a5046a29f55c4c0e58bee9e.tar.gz",
-    },
-    "wasi-sdk": {
-        "sha256": "fc4fdb0e97b915241f32209492a7d0fab42c24216f87c1d5d75f46f7c70a553d",
-        "store_dir": "core/deps/wasi-sdk",
-        "strip_prefix": "wasi-sdk-1a953299860bbcc198ad8c12a21d1b2e2f738355",
-        "url": "https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/archive/1a953299860bbcc198ad8c12a21d1b2e2f738355.tar.gz",
-    },
-    "wasi-libc": {
-        "sha256": "f6316ca9479d3463eb1c4f6a1d1f659bf15f67cb3c1e2e83d9d11f188dccd864",
-        "store_dir": "core/deps/wasi-sdk/src/wasi-libc",
-        "strip_prefix": "wasi-libc-a78cd329aec717f149934d7362f57050c9401f60",
-        "url": "https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-libc/archive/a78cd329aec717f149934d7362f57050c9401f60.tar.gz",
-    },
+        "strip_prefix": "emscripten-3.0.0",
+        "url": "https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/archive/refs/tags/3.0.0.tar.gz",
+    }
 }
 
 # TOOD: can we use headers from wasi-libc and clang directly ?
@@ -111,25 +78,25 @@ def unpack(tar_file, strip_prefix, dest_dir):
     with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp:
         with tarfile.open(tar_file) as tar:
             logger.debug(f"extract to {tmp}")
+
             def is_within_directory(directory, target):
-                
+
                 abs_directory = os.path.abspath(directory)
                 abs_target = os.path.abspath(target)
-            
+
                 prefix = os.path.commonprefix([abs_directory, abs_target])
-                
+
                 return prefix == abs_directory
-            
+
             def safe_extract(tar, path=".", members=None, *, numeric_owner=False):
-            
+
                 for member in tar.getmembers():
                     member_path = os.path.join(path, member.name)
                     if not is_within_directory(path, member_path):
                         raise Exception("Attempted Path Traversal in Tar File")
-            
-                tar.extractall(path, members, numeric_owner=numeric_owner) 
-                
-            
+
+                tar.extractall(path, members, numeric_owner=numeric_owner)
+
             safe_extract(tar, tmp)
 
         strip_prefix_dir = (
@@ -160,12 +127,12 @@ def download_repo(name, root):
     download_flag = store_dir.joinpath("DOWNLOADED")
     if store_dir.exists() and download_flag.exists():
         logger.info(
-            f"keep using '{store_dir.relative_to(root)}'. Or to remove it and try again"
+            f"bypass downloading '{store_dir.relative_to(root)}'. Or to remove it and try again if needs a new release"
         )
         return True
 
     # download only when the target is neither existed nor broken
-    download_dir = pathlib.Path("/tmp/build_wasi_sdk/")
+    download_dir = pathlib.Path("/tmp/pick-up-emscripten-headers/")
     download_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
 
     tar_name = pathlib.Path(external_repos[name]["url"]).name
@@ -192,104 +159,67 @@ def download_repo(name, root):
     download_flag.touch()
 
     # leave download files in /tmp
+    logger.info(f"Has downloaed and stored in {store_dir.relative_to(root)}")
     return True
 
 
-def run_patch(patch_file, cwd):
-    if not patch_file.exists():
-        logger.error(f"{patch_file} not found")
+def collect_headers(root, install_location):
+    if not install_location.exists():
+        logger.error(f"{install_location} does not found")
         return False
 
-    with open(patch_file, "r") as f:
-        try:
-            PATCH_DRY_RUN_CMD = "patch -f -p1 --dry-run"
-            if subprocess.check_call(shlex.split(PATCH_DRY_RUN_CMD), stdin=f, cwd=cwd):
-                logger.error(f"patch dry-run {cwd} failed")
-                return False
+    install_flag = install_location.joinpath("INSTALLED").resolve()
+    if install_flag.exists():
+        logger.info(
+            f"bypass downloading '{install_location}'. Or to remove it and try again if needs a new one"
+        )
+        return True
 
-            PATCH_CMD = "patch -f -p1"
-            f.seek(0)
-            if subprocess.check_call(shlex.split(PATCH_CMD), stdin=f, cwd=cwd):
-                logger.error(f"patch {cwd} failed")
-                return False
-        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
-            logger.error(f"patch {cwd} failed")
-            return False
-    return True
-
-
-def build_and_install_wasi_sdk(root):
-    store_dir = root.joinpath(f'{external_repos["wasi-sdk"]["store_dir"]}').resolve()
-    if not store_dir.exists():
-        logger.error(f"{store_dir} does not found")
+    emscripten_home = root.joinpath(
+        f'{external_repos["emscripten"]["store_dir"]}'
+    ).resolve()
+    if not emscripten_home.exists():
+        logger.error(f"{emscripten_home} does not found")
         return False
 
-    # patch wasi-libc and wasi-sdk
-    patch_flag = store_dir.joinpath("PATCHED")
-    if not patch_flag.exists():
-        if not run_patch(
-            root.joinpath("test-tools/build-wasi-sdk/patches/wasi_libc.patch"),
-            store_dir.joinpath("src/wasi-libc"),
-        ):
-            return False
-
-        if not run_patch(
-            root.joinpath("test-tools/build-wasi-sdk/patches/wasi_sdk.patch"), store_dir
-        ):
-            return False
-
-        patch_flag.touch()
-    else:
-        logger.info("bypass the patch phase")
-
-    # build
-    build_flag = store_dir.joinpath("BUILDED")
-    if not build_flag.exists():
-        BUILD_CMD = "make build"
-        if subprocess.check_call(shlex.split(BUILD_CMD), cwd=store_dir):
-            logger.error(f"build wasi-sdk failed")
-            return False
-
-        build_flag.touch()
-    else:
-        logger.info("bypass the build phase")
-
-    # install
-    install_flag = store_dir.joinpath("INSTALLED")
-    binary_path = root.joinpath("test-tools").resolve()
-    if not install_flag.exists():
-        shutil.copytree(
-            str(store_dir.joinpath("build/install/opt").resolve()),
-            str(binary_path),
-            dirs_exist_ok=True,
-        )
-
-        # install headers
-        emscripten_headers = (
-            root.joinpath(external_repos["emscripten"]["store_dir"])
-            .joinpath("system")
-            .resolve()
-        )
-        wasi_sysroot_headers = binary_path.joinpath(
-            "wasi-sdk/share/wasi-sysroot/include"
-        ).resolve()
-        for (src, dst) in emscripten_headers_src_dst:
-            src = emscripten_headers.joinpath(src)
-            dst = wasi_sysroot_headers.joinpath(dst)
-            dst.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-            shutil.copy(src, dst)
-
-        install_flag.touch()
-    else:
-        logger.info("bypass the install phase")
+    emscripten_headers = emscripten_home.joinpath("system").resolve()
+    for (src, dst) in emscripten_headers_src_dst:
+        src = emscripten_headers.joinpath(src)
+        dst = install_location.joinpath(dst)
+        dst.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        shutil.copy(src, dst)
 
+    install_flag.touch()
+    logger.info(f"Has installed in {install_location}")
     return True
 
 
 def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="collect headers from emscripten for workload compilation"
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--install",
+        type=str,
+        required=True,
+        help="identify installation location",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--loglevel",
+        type=str,
+        default="INFO",
+        choices=[
+            "ERROR",
+            "WARNING",
+            "INFO",
+        ],
+        help="the logging level",
+    )
+    options = parser.parse_args()
+
     console = logging.StreamHandler()
     console.setFormatter(logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s - %(message)s"))
-    logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+    logger.setLevel(getattr(logging, options.loglevel))
     logger.addHandler(console)
     logger.propagate = False
 
@@ -305,12 +235,9 @@ def main():
         if not download_repo(repo, root):
             return False
 
-    # build wasi_sdk and install
-    if not build_and_install_wasi_sdk(root):
+    if not collect_headers(root, pathlib.Path(options.install)):
         return False
 
-    # TODO install headers from emscripten
-
     return True
 
 
diff --git a/test-tools/wamr-ide/WASM-Toolchain/Docker/Dockerfile b/test-tools/wamr-ide/WASM-Toolchain/Docker/Dockerfile
index f96a2261..6ca21094 100644
--- a/test-tools/wamr-ide/WASM-Toolchain/Docker/Dockerfile
+++ b/test-tools/wamr-ide/WASM-Toolchain/Docker/Dockerfile
@@ -25,17 +25,17 @@ RUN wget --progress=dot:giga https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/
 #    - wamr-sdk
 
 ##  - download wasi-sdk with wget and set up to /opt/wasi-sdk
-RUN wget --progress=dot:giga https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-14/wasi-sdk-14.0-linux.tar.gz \
-    && tar -zxvf wasi-sdk-14.0-linux.tar.gz \
-    && mv wasi-sdk-14.0 /opt/wasi-sdk/ \
-    && rm -f wasi-sdk-14.0-linux.tar.gz
+RUN wget --progress=dot:giga https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-19/wasi-sdk-19.0-linux.tar.gz \
+    && tar -zxvf wasi-sdk-*-linux.tar.gz \
+    && mv wasi-sdk-19.0 /opt/wasi-sdk/ \
+    && rm -f wasi-sdk-*-linux.tar.gz
 
 ##  - clone wamr repo
-RUN git clone -b main --depth=1 https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasm-micro-runtime.git 
+RUN git clone -b main --depth=1 https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasm-micro-runtime.git
 
 WORKDIR /root/wasm-micro-runtime/wamr-compiler
 RUN ./build_llvm.sh \
-    && mkdir build 
+    && mkdir build
 
 WORKDIR /root/wasm-micro-runtime/wamr-compiler/build
 RUN cmake .. \
diff --git a/tests/wamr-test-suites/test_wamr.sh b/tests/wamr-test-suites/test_wamr.sh
index 00797b31..bc6df908 100755
--- a/tests/wamr-test-suites/test_wamr.sh
+++ b/tests/wamr-test-suites/test_wamr.sh
@@ -360,16 +360,16 @@ function spec_test()
                     exit 1
                     ;;
             esac
-            if [ ! -f /tmp/wabt-1.0.29-${WABT_PLATFORM}.tar.gz ]; then
+            if [ ! -f /tmp/wabt-1.0.31-${WABT_PLATFORM}.tar.gz ]; then
                 wget \
-                    https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt/releases/download/1.0.29/wabt-1.0.29-${WABT_PLATFORM}.tar.gz \
+                    https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt/releases/download/1.0.31/wabt-1.0.31-${WABT_PLATFORM}.tar.gz \
                     -P /tmp
             fi
 
             cd /tmp \
-            && tar zxf wabt-1.0.29-${WABT_PLATFORM}.tar.gz \
+            && tar zxf wabt-1.0.31-${WABT_PLATFORM}.tar.gz \
             && mkdir -p ${WORK_DIR}/wabt/out/gcc/Release/ \
-            && install wabt-1.0.29/bin/wa* ${WORK_DIR}/wabt/out/gcc/Release/ \
+            && install wabt-1.0.31/bin/wa* ${WORK_DIR}/wabt/out/gcc/Release/ \
             && cd -
         fi
     else
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ function spec_test()
     fi
 
     # set the current running target
-    ARGS_FOR_SPEC_TEST+="-m ${TARGET} " 
+    ARGS_FOR_SPEC_TEST+="-m ${TARGET} "
 
     # require warmc only in aot mode
     if [[ $1 == 'aot' ]]; then